United States military commission

E60835

military tribunal war crimes court

The United States military commission was a wartime military tribunal system used by the U.S. armed forces to try individuals, including enemy commanders, for alleged violations of the laws of war.

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All labels observed (6)

Label	Occurrences
United States military commission canonical	14
United States military tribunal	8
U.S. military commission	3
U.S. Military Tribunal	2
U.S. military commissions system	1
United States military tribunals	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T489405 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: United States military commission
Context triple: [Tomoyuki Yamashita, convictedBy, United States military commission]

A. United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
The United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces is a specialized federal appellate court that reviews court-martial convictions and interprets military justice under the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
B. International Military Tribunal for the Far East
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East was the Allied-led post–World War II war crimes court in Tokyo that prosecuted Japanese leaders for crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity committed across Asia.
C. Military Committee
The Military Committee is NATO’s highest military authority, providing strategic military advice and direction to the alliance’s political leadership.
D. Office of Chief of Counsel for War Crimes
The Office of Chief of Counsel for War Crimes was a U.S. government legal body established after World War II to investigate and prosecute major Nazi war criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals.
E. Nuremberg trials
The Nuremberg trials were a series of landmark military tribunals held after World War II to prosecute leading Nazi officials for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: United States military commission
Target entity description: The United States military commission was a wartime military tribunal system used by the U.S. armed forces to try individuals, including enemy commanders, for alleged violations of the laws of war.

A. United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
The United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces is a specialized federal appellate court that reviews court-martial convictions and interprets military justice under the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
B. International Military Tribunal for the Far East
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East was the Allied-led post–World War II war crimes court in Tokyo that prosecuted Japanese leaders for crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity committed across Asia.
C. Military Committee
The Military Committee is NATO’s highest military authority, providing strategic military advice and direction to the alliance’s political leadership.
D. Office of Chief of Counsel for War Crimes
The Office of Chief of Counsel for War Crimes was a U.S. government legal body established after World War II to investigate and prosecute major Nazi war criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals.
E. Nuremberg trials
The Nuremberg trials were a series of landmark military tribunals held after World War II to prosecute leading Nazi officials for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (46)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	military tribunal ⓘ war crimes court ⓘ
administeredBy	United States Department of Defense ⓘ linked to: Department of Defense United States armed forces ⓘ linked to: United States Armed Forces
appliesToJurisdiction	United States armed forces ⓘ linked to: United States Armed Forces
authorizedBy	President of the United States ⓘ U.S. Congress ⓘ linked to: United States Congress
controversy	criticized for admissibility of coerced or hearsay evidence (historically) ⓘ criticized for due process concerns ⓘ debate over compliance with Geneva Conventions ⓘ
country	United States ⓘ linked to: United States of America
distinguishedFrom	United States court-martial system ⓘ United States federal civilian courts ⓘ linked to: federal judiciary of the United States
hasNotableUseCase	Guantánamo Bay detainee trials after 2001 ⓘ post–World War II war crimes trials in the Pacific ⓘ trial of Nazi saboteurs in Ex parte Quirin (1942) ⓘ
legalBasis	Articles of War (historical U.S. military law) ⓘ linked to: Articles of War U.S. Constitution war powers (interpreted) ⓘ customary international humanitarian law ⓘ laws of war ⓘ
locationOfProceedings	Guantánamo Bay Naval Base ⓘ linked to: U.S. naval base at Guantánamo Bay various U.S. military theaters of war ⓘ
proceduralCharacteristics	limited rights of appeal compared to civilian courts ⓘ military officers serve as members (fact-finders) ⓘ rules of evidence differ from civilian courts ⓘ
purpose	adjudicate offenses triable by the law of war ⓘ prosecute enemy combatants ⓘ prosecute enemy commanders ⓘ try individuals for alleged violations of the laws of war ⓘ
reformedBy	Military Commissions Act of 2006 ⓘ Military Commissions Act of 2009 ⓘ
relatedConcept	enemy combatant ⓘ international humanitarian law ⓘ linked to: International humanitarian law law of armed conflict ⓘ military justice system of the United States ⓘ war crimes ⓘ
subjectOf	Boumediene v. Bush (U.S. Supreme Court case) ⓘ linked to: U.S. Supreme Court case Boumediene v. Bush Ex parte Quirin (U.S. Supreme Court case) ⓘ Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (U.S. Supreme Court case) ⓘ linked to: opinion in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
timePeriod	used in multiple U.S. wars from 19th to 21st century ⓘ
typicalDefendants	enemy belligerents ⓘ enemy commanders ⓘ non-U.S. nationals captured in armed conflict ⓘ
usedInConflict	American Civil War ⓘ War on Terror ⓘ linked to: Global War on Terrorism World War II ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (29)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Tomoyuki Yamashita → convictedBy → United States military commission ⓘ

George Atzerodt → trialBy → United States military commission ⓘ

David Herold → trialHeldBy → United States military commission ⓘ

Mary Surratt → convictedBy → United States military commission ⓘ

Michael O'Laughlen → triedBy → United States military commission ⓘ

Flick Trial → conductedBy → United States military tribunal ⓘ