Subak irrigation cooperative

E566685

Balinese cultural institution agricultural cooperative traditional irrigation cooperative water management system

The Subak irrigation cooperative is a traditional Balinese water management system that organizes farmers in communal governance of rice terraces, reflecting the island’s Hindu philosophy of harmony between people, nature, and the spiritual world.

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All labels observed (8)

Label	Occurrences
Balinese irrigation system Subak	1
Subak	1
Subak irrigation cooperative canonical	1
Subak irrigation system	1
subak (traditional irrigation cooperative)	1
subak irrigation associations	1
subak irrigation system	1
subak landscape of the Pakerisan watershed	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6082996 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Subak irrigation cooperative
Context triple: [Balinese people, culturalPractice, Subak irrigation cooperative]

A. Jatiluwih Rice Terraces
Jatiluwih Rice Terraces are expansive, UNESCO-recognized rice paddies in Bali renowned for their traditional subak irrigation system and stunning terraced landscapes.
B. Tegallalang rice terraces
Tegallalang rice terraces are a famous, photogenic series of stepped rice paddies in Bali known for their lush landscapes and traditional subak irrigation system.
C. Banaue Rice Terraces
Banaue Rice Terraces are ancient, mountainside rice paddies in the Philippines renowned as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an iconic example of indigenous Ifugao engineering and landscape cultivation.
D. Antique rice terraces
Antique rice terraces are centuries-old, hand-carved mountain rice fields in the Philippine province of Antique, known for their scenic landscapes and cultural heritage.
E. Bokoharjo cultural landscape
Bokoharjo cultural landscape is a traditional Javanese rural area in Klaten Regency known for its agricultural heritage, cultural practices, and historical sites.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Subak irrigation cooperative
Target entity description: The Subak irrigation cooperative is a traditional Balinese water management system that organizes farmers in communal governance of rice terraces, reflecting the island’s Hindu philosophy of harmony between people, nature, and the spiritual world.

A. Jatiluwih Rice Terraces
Jatiluwih Rice Terraces are expansive, UNESCO-recognized rice paddies in Bali renowned for their traditional subak irrigation system and stunning terraced landscapes.
B. Tegallalang rice terraces
Tegallalang rice terraces are a famous, photogenic series of stepped rice paddies in Bali known for their lush landscapes and traditional subak irrigation system.
C. Banaue Rice Terraces
Banaue Rice Terraces are ancient, mountainside rice paddies in the Philippines renowned as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an iconic example of indigenous Ifugao engineering and landscape cultivation.
D. Antique rice terraces
Antique rice terraces are centuries-old, hand-carved mountain rice fields in the Philippine province of Antique, known for their scenic landscapes and cultural heritage.
E. Bokoharjo cultural landscape
Bokoharjo cultural landscape is a traditional Javanese rural area in Klaten Regency known for its agricultural heritage, cultural practices, and historical sites.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Balinese cultural institution ⓘ agricultural cooperative ⓘ traditional irrigation cooperative ⓘ water management system ⓘ
aimsTo	ensure equitable water distribution ⓘ maximize rice yields sustainably ⓘ prevent water-related conflicts ⓘ
associatedWith	Balinese rice agriculture ⓘ cultural landscape of Bali ⓘ
basedIn	Bali ⓘ
corePrinciple	harmony between people, nature, and the spiritual world ⓘ
country	Indonesia ⓘ
decisionMakingBody	council of farmers ⓘ
follows	Balinese Hindu philosophy ⓘ Tri Hita Karana philosophy ⓘ
governanceType	communal governance ⓘ democratic decision-making among farmers ⓘ
hasPart	farmer members ⓘ irrigation canals ⓘ rice terraces ⓘ water temples ⓘ weirs ⓘ
influences	landscape pattern of rice terraces ⓘ local social organization ⓘ ritual calendar ⓘ
knowledgeType	traditional ecological knowledge ⓘ
leaderTitle	pekaseh ⓘ
managementScope	sub-watershed level ⓘ village-level irrigation ⓘ
organizes	maintenance of irrigation works ⓘ planting schedules ⓘ ritual offerings at water temples ⓘ water allocation ⓘ
recognizedAs	intangible cultural heritage ⓘ
relatedTo	Balinese customary law (adat) ⓘ water temple networks ⓘ
religiousContext	Balinese Hinduism ⓘ
socialFunction	conflict resolution among farmers ⓘ mutual aid among members ⓘ
spiritualElement	rituals to deities associated with water and fertility ⓘ
supports	biodiversity in rice terrace ecosystems ⓘ food security in Bali ⓘ
timePeriod	pre-modern origin ⓘ
typeOfIrrigation	gravity-fed irrigation ⓘ
usedFor	collective management of irrigation infrastructure ⓘ coordination of rice cultivation ⓘ irrigation of rice terraces ⓘ water distribution ⓘ

How these facts were elicited