Public Law 110-55
E546538
Public Law 110-55 is the official designation of the Protect America Act of 2007, a U.S. federal law that temporarily expanded government surveillance authorities in the context of foreign intelligence and counterterrorism.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Public Law 110-55 canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5794441 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Public Law 110-55 Context triple: [Protect America Act of 2007, publicLawNumber, Public Law 110-55]
-
A.
Public Law 110-175
Public Law 110-175 is a 2007 United States federal statute that significantly amended and strengthened the Freedom of Information Act to improve government transparency and public access to records.
-
B.
Public Law 110-53
Public Law 110-53 is a 2007 U.S. federal law that implemented key security and intelligence reforms recommended by the 9/11 Commission, including measures to enhance transportation security, information sharing, and terrorism prevention.
-
C.
Public Law 107-110
Public Law 107-110 is the formal designation of the No Child Left Behind Act, a major U.S. federal education reform law enacted in 2002 to increase accountability in public schools.
-
D.
Public Law 110-181
Public Law 110-181 is a 2008 U.S. defense authorization statute that, among many provisions, governs and directs programs such as the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives for the safe destruction of chemical weapons stockpiles.
-
E.
Public Law 110-289
Public Law 110-289 is a major 2008 U.S. federal statute that overhauled housing finance regulation, created new oversight for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and responded to the subprime mortgage crisis.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Public Law 110-55 Target entity description: Public Law 110-55 is the official designation of the Protect America Act of 2007, a U.S. federal law that temporarily expanded government surveillance authorities in the context of foreign intelligence and counterterrorism.
-
A.
Public Law 110-175
Public Law 110-175 is a 2007 United States federal statute that significantly amended and strengthened the Freedom of Information Act to improve government transparency and public access to records.
-
B.
Public Law 110-53
Public Law 110-53 is a 2007 U.S. federal law that implemented key security and intelligence reforms recommended by the 9/11 Commission, including measures to enhance transportation security, information sharing, and terrorism prevention.
-
C.
Public Law 107-110
Public Law 107-110 is the formal designation of the No Child Left Behind Act, a major U.S. federal education reform law enacted in 2002 to increase accountability in public schools.
-
D.
Public Law 110-181
Public Law 110-181 is a 2008 U.S. defense authorization statute that, among many provisions, governs and directs programs such as the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives for the safe destruction of chemical weapons stockpiles.
-
E.
Public Law 110-289
Public Law 110-289 is a major 2008 U.S. federal statute that overhauled housing finance regulation, created new oversight for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and responded to the subprime mortgage crisis.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal statute
ⓘ
surveillance law ⓘ |
| affects |
electronic communications service providers
ⓘ
intelligence agencies of the United States ⓘ |
| amends |
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978
ⓘ
linked to:
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
|
| chamberInvolved |
United States House of Representatives
ⓘ
United States Senate ⓘ |
| characteristic | temporarily expanded surveillance authorities of the U.S. government ⓘ |
| congressNumber | 110th United States Congress ⓘ |
| containsProvision |
authorization for the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence to approve certain surveillance without individualized court orders
ⓘ
procedures for minimization of acquisition, retention, and dissemination of information concerning U.S. persons ⓘ procedures for targeting persons reasonably believed to be located outside the United States ⓘ |
| context |
modernization of surveillance authorities for new communications technologies
ⓘ
post-September 11, 2001 counterterrorism environment ⓘ |
| controversy |
criticized for potential impact on privacy rights of U.S. persons
ⓘ
criticized for weakening judicial oversight of surveillance ⓘ |
| country | United States of America ⓘ |
| dateSigned | 2007-08-05 ⓘ |
| enactmentDate | 2007-08-05 ⓘ |
| followedBy | FISA Amendments Act of 2008 ⓘ |
| governmentBranch | legislative branch of the United States federal government ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| language | English ⓘ |
| legalArea |
intelligence law
ⓘ
national security law ⓘ privacy law ⓘ |
| legislativeBody | United States Congress ⓘ |
| officialName | Protect America Act of 2007 ⓘ |
| policyArea |
counterterrorism policy
ⓘ
electronic communications surveillance ⓘ intelligence gathering ⓘ |
| presidentDuringEnactment | George W. Bush ⓘ |
| publicLawNumber | 110-55 ⓘ |
| purpose |
to expand government authority to conduct foreign intelligence surveillance targeting persons reasonably believed to be outside the United States
ⓘ
to facilitate acquisition of foreign intelligence information for counterterrorism and national security purposes ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978
ⓘ
linked to:
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court ⓘ Protect America Act debate on civil liberties and privacy ⓘ |
| scope | foreign intelligence surveillance targeting persons outside the United States ⓘ |
| shortTitle | Protect America Act of 2007 ⓘ |
| signedBy | George W. Bush ⓘ |
| status | expired ⓘ |
| statutesAtLargeCitation | 121 Stat. 552 ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
counterterrorism
ⓘ
electronic surveillance ⓘ foreign intelligence surveillance ⓘ |
| temporalScope | temporary authorization ⓘ |
| typeOfChange | amendment and temporary modification of FISA requirements ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Public Law 110-55 Description of subject: Public Law 110-55 is the official designation of the Protect America Act of 2007, a U.S. federal law that temporarily expanded government surveillance authorities in the context of foreign intelligence and counterterrorism.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.