Federal Reserve reserve requirement increases of 1936–1937
E537705
The Federal Reserve reserve requirement increases of 1936–1937 were a series of monetary tightening measures that sharply raised banks’ required reserves, contributing to a contraction in credit and the subsequent 1937–1938 recession in the United States.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Federal Reserve reserve requirement increases of 1936–1937 canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5656407 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Federal Reserve reserve requirement increases of 1936–1937 Context triple: [Recession of 1937–1938, significantEvent, Federal Reserve reserve requirement increases of 1936–1937]
-
A.
Federal Reserve Act of 1913
The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 is the U.S. law that created the Federal Reserve System as the nation’s central bank to provide a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system.
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B.
CRA regulations of the Federal Reserve Board
CRA regulations of the Federal Reserve Board are the formal rules issued by the Fed that govern how the Community Reinvestment Act is applied to banks under its supervision, including how their community lending and investment performance is evaluated.
-
C.
The Great Contraction, 1929–1933
The Great Contraction, 1929–1933, refers to the severe monetary and economic collapse at the start of the Great Depression, marked by massive bank failures, deflation, and a sharp decline in output and employment in the United States.
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D.
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 is a landmark economic study that analyzes the role of monetary policy and money supply in shaping U.S. economic cycles and major events such as the Great Depression.
-
E.
Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977
The Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977 was a U.S. law that strengthened congressional oversight of the Federal Reserve and clarified its monetary policy objectives, including promoting maximum employment and price stability.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Federal Reserve reserve requirement increases of 1936–1937 Target entity description: The Federal Reserve reserve requirement increases of 1936–1937 were a series of monetary tightening measures that sharply raised banks’ required reserves, contributing to a contraction in credit and the subsequent 1937–1938 recession in the United States.
-
A.
Federal Reserve Act of 1913
The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 is the U.S. law that created the Federal Reserve System as the nation’s central bank to provide a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system.
-
B.
CRA regulations of the Federal Reserve Board
CRA regulations of the Federal Reserve Board are the formal rules issued by the Fed that govern how the Community Reinvestment Act is applied to banks under its supervision, including how their community lending and investment performance is evaluated.
-
C.
The Great Contraction, 1929–1933
The Great Contraction, 1929–1933, refers to the severe monetary and economic collapse at the start of the Great Depression, marked by massive bank failures, deflation, and a sharp decline in output and employment in the United States.
-
D.
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 is a landmark economic study that analyzes the role of monetary policy and money supply in shaping U.S. economic cycles and major events such as the Great Depression.
-
E.
Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977
The Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977 was a U.S. law that strengthened congressional oversight of the Federal Reserve and clarified its monetary policy objectives, including promoting maximum employment and price stability.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
monetary policy action
ⓘ
monetary tightening episode ⓘ reserve requirement change ⓘ |
| academicDiscipline |
economic history
ⓘ
macroeconomics ⓘ monetary economics ⓘ |
| appliedBy |
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
ⓘ
linked to:
Federal Reserve Board of Governors
Federal Reserve System ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
Federal Reserve member banks
ⓘ
linked to:
Federal Reserve Banks
demand deposits ⓘ time deposits ⓘ |
| chronology |
followed the banking reforms of 1933–1935
ⓘ
preceded the 1937–1938 recession ⓘ |
| comparedTo | Federal Reserve policy tightening episodes in later recessions ⓘ |
| contributedTo | Recession of 1937–1938 ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| describedIn | A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960 ⓘ |
| endTime | 1937 ⓘ |
| evaluatedBy |
Anna J. Schwartz
ⓘ
linked to:
Anna Schwartz
Milton Friedman ⓘ |
| hasEffect |
contraction in bank credit
ⓘ
decline in the money supply ⓘ downturn in industrial production ⓘ increase in required reserves of member banks ⓘ increase in reserve-deposit ratios ⓘ monetary tightening ⓘ reduction in excess reserves ⓘ rise in unemployment in 1937–1938 ⓘ tightening of lending conditions ⓘ |
| hasInterpretation |
example of premature monetary tightening
ⓘ
policy mistake contributing to the 1937–1938 downturn ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | Great Depression ⓘ |
| implementedUnder | New Deal era economic policy environment ⓘ |
| location | United States banking system ⓘ |
| motivatedBy |
concerns about excessive bank reserves
ⓘ
concerns about potential future inflation ⓘ |
| partOf | United States monetary policy in the 1930s ⓘ |
| policyInstrument | reserve requirement ratio ⓘ |
| policyType | contractionary monetary policy ⓘ |
| regulates | member bank reserve ratios ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Banking Act of 1935
ⓘ
Great Depression in the United States ⓘ
linked to:
Great Depression
U.S. business cycle of the late 1930s ⓘ |
| startTime | 1936 ⓘ |
| subjectOf | research on the causes of the 1937–1938 recession ⓘ |
| timePeriod | interwar period ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Federal Reserve reserve requirement increases of 1936–1937 Description of subject: The Federal Reserve reserve requirement increases of 1936–1937 were a series of monetary tightening measures that sharply raised banks’ required reserves, contributing to a contraction in credit and the subsequent 1937–1938 recession in the United States.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Recession of 1937–1938
→
significantEvent
→
Federal Reserve reserve requirement increases of 1936–1937
ⓘ