Handbook of Birds of the Western United States
E532286
Handbook of Birds of the Western United States is a pioneering late-19th-century field guide that systematically documents and illustrates the bird species of the American West for both scientists and amateur naturalists.
All labels observed (2)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5559589 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Handbook of Birds of the Western United States Context triple: [Florence Augusta Merriam Bailey, notableWork, Handbook of Birds of the Western United States]
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A.
Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America
Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America is a 19th-century ornithological work by John Cassin featuring detailed descriptions and plates of bird species from the western and northwestern regions of North America.
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B.
Birds of North America (contributions)
Birds of North America (contributions) refers to John Cassin’s significant ornithological input to a major 19th-century reference work documenting the bird species of North America.
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C.
All About Birds
All About Birds is an online birding resource that provides identification guides, photos, sounds, and expert information on bird species, created and maintained by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
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D.
Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l’Amérique Septentrionale
Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l’Amérique Septentrionale is an ornithological work by Louis Pierre Vieillot that systematically describes and illustrates the bird species of North America.
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E.
World of Birds
World of Birds is a major Bronx Zoo exhibit featuring a wide variety of bird species displayed in immersive, naturalistic habitats.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Handbook of Birds of the Western United States Target entity description: Handbook of Birds of the Western United States is a pioneering late-19th-century field guide that systematically documents and illustrates the bird species of the American West for both scientists and amateur naturalists.
-
A.
Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America
Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America is a 19th-century ornithological work by John Cassin featuring detailed descriptions and plates of bird species from the western and northwestern regions of North America.
-
B.
Birds of North America (contributions)
Birds of North America (contributions) refers to John Cassin’s significant ornithological input to a major 19th-century reference work documenting the bird species of North America.
-
C.
All About Birds
All About Birds is an online birding resource that provides identification guides, photos, sounds, and expert information on bird species, created and maintained by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
-
D.
Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l’Amérique Septentrionale
Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l’Amérique Septentrionale is an ornithological work by Louis Pierre Vieillot that systematically describes and illustrates the bird species of North America.
-
E.
World of Birds
World of Birds is a major Bronx Zoo exhibit featuring a wide variety of bird species displayed in immersive, naturalistic habitats.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
book
ⓘ
field guide ⓘ ornithological work ⓘ |
| alternativeTitle | Handbook of Birds of the Western United States: Including the Great Plains, Great Basin, Pacific Slope, and Lower Rio Grande Valley ⓘ |
| associatedWith | American Ornithologists' Union era of taxonomy ⓘ |
| author |
Florence Merriam Bailey
ⓘ
linked to:
Florence Augusta Merriam Bailey
|
| classificationSystemUsed | contemporary late-19th-century ornithological taxonomy ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| describes |
bird distribution in the Western United States
ⓘ
bird identification characteristics ⓘ habits of western North American birds ⓘ |
| field |
natural history
ⓘ
ornithology ⓘ |
| format | handbook ⓘ |
| genre |
natural history
ⓘ
non-fiction ⓘ ornithology ⓘ |
| hasEdition | first edition 1902 ⓘ |
| hasPart |
distribution notes
ⓘ
identification keys ⓘ illustrations ⓘ species accounts ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance | early standard reference for western American ornithology ⓘ |
| illustrator |
Bruce Horsfall
ⓘ
Louis Agassiz Fuertes ⓘ |
| influenced | subsequent North American bird field guides ⓘ |
| intendedAudience |
amateur naturalists
ⓘ
birdwatchers ⓘ scientists ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| libraryOfCongressSubject |
Birds—West (U.S.)
ⓘ
Birds—West (U.S.)—Identification ⓘ |
| mainSubject |
birds
ⓘ
birds of the American West ⓘ |
| mediaType | print ⓘ |
| notableFor |
early comprehensive field guide to birds of the American West
ⓘ
pioneering use of detailed illustrations in a bird field guide ⓘ systematic documentation of western North American birds ⓘ |
| publicationDate | 1902 ⓘ |
| publisher |
Houghton, Mifflin and Company
ⓘ
linked to:
Houghton Mifflin
|
| relatedWork | Birds Through an Opera-Glass ⓘ |
| relatedWorkAuthor |
Florence Merriam Bailey
ⓘ
linked to:
Florence Augusta Merriam Bailey
|
| spatialCoverage |
American West
ⓘ
linked to:
Old West
Western United States ⓘ
linked to:
western United States
|
| temporalContext | late 19th century and early 20th century ornithology ⓘ |
| timePeriodDescribed | late 19th century bird fauna of the American West ⓘ |
| title | Handbook of Birds of the Western United States ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Handbook of Birds of the Western United States Description of subject: Handbook of Birds of the Western United States is a pioneering late-19th-century field guide that systematically documents and illustrates the bird species of the American West for both scientists and amateur naturalists.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Handbook of Birds of the Western United States
→
title
→
Handbook of Birds of the Western United States
ⓘ
Handbook of Birds of the Western United States
→
alternativeTitle
→
Handbook of Birds of the Western United States: Including the Great Plains, Great Basin, Pacific Slope, and Lower Rio Grande Valley
ⓘ
linked to: Handbook of Birds of the Western United States