Bacillus anthracis
E52538
Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax in humans and animals.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Bacillus anthracis canonical | 10 |
| Bacillus anthracis (возбудитель сибирской язвы) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T414733 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bacillus anthracis Context triple: [Robert Koch, discovered, Bacillus anthracis]
-
A.
Campylobacter
Campylobacter is a genus of bacteria that commonly causes foodborne gastrointestinal infections in humans, often associated with undercooked poultry.
-
B.
Critobulus
Critobulus was an ancient Athenian known from Plato’s dialogues as the son of Crito and an associate of Socrates.
-
C.
Ophiostoma novo-ulmi
Ophiostoma novo-ulmi is a highly virulent fungal pathogen responsible for the most destructive modern pandemic of Dutch elm disease in elm trees worldwide.
-
D.
Monera
Monera is a former biological kingdom that comprised all prokaryotic, single-celled organisms such as bacteria and archaea, distinguished by their lack of a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
-
E.
Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestans is a plant-pathogenic oomycete best known for causing potato late blight, the disease responsible for the devastating 19th-century Irish Great Famine.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bacillus anthracis Target entity description: Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax in humans and animals.
-
A.
Campylobacter
Campylobacter is a genus of bacteria that commonly causes foodborne gastrointestinal infections in humans, often associated with undercooked poultry.
-
B.
Critobulus
Critobulus was an ancient Athenian known from Plato’s dialogues as the son of Crito and an associate of Socrates.
-
C.
Ophiostoma novo-ulmi
Ophiostoma novo-ulmi is a highly virulent fungal pathogen responsible for the most destructive modern pandemic of Dutch elm disease in elm trees worldwide.
-
D.
Ophiostoma himal-ulmi
Ophiostoma himal-ulmi is a species of fungus in the Ophiostoma genus, known for its association with tree diseases similar to Dutch elm disease.
-
E.
Monera
Monera is a former biological kingdom that comprised all prokaryotic, single-celled organisms such as bacteria and archaea, distinguished by their lack of a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Gram-positive bacterium
ⓘ
bacterial species ⓘ spore-forming bacterium ⓘ |
| affects |
animals
ⓘ
humans ⓘ |
| binomialName | Bacillus anthracis ⓘ |
| biosafetyLevel | BSL-3 pathogen ⓘ |
| bioterrorismCategory | CDC Category A agent ⓘ |
| capsuleProduction | produces poly-D-glutamic acid capsule ⓘ |
| causes | anthrax ⓘ |
| cellWallType | Gram-positive ⓘ |
| class | Bacilli ⓘ |
| colonyMorphology | medusa head appearance on agar ⓘ |
| domain | Bacteria ⓘ |
| family | Bacillaceae ⓘ |
| firstDescribedBy | Robert Koch ⓘ |
| forms | endospores ⓘ |
| genomeType | circular chromosome ⓘ |
| genus | Bacillus ⓘ |
| gramStain | Gram-positive ⓘ |
| growthTemperatureRange | mesophilic ⓘ |
| hemolysisOnBloodAgar | typically non-hemolytic ⓘ |
| morphology | rod-shaped ⓘ |
| motility | non-motile ⓘ |
| naturalReservoir | soil ⓘ |
| notableDiscovery | first bacterium shown to cause disease by Koch ⓘ |
| order | Bacillales ⓘ |
| oxygenRequirement | facultative anaerobe ⓘ |
| phylum | Firmicutes ⓘ |
| plasmid |
pXO1
ⓘ
pXO2 ⓘ |
| primaryHosts | herbivores ⓘ |
| publicHealthRelevance | high-consequence pathogen ⓘ |
| pXO1Encodes | anthrax toxin components ⓘ |
| pXO2Encodes | capsule biosynthesis genes ⓘ |
| shape | bacillus ⓘ |
| sporeResistance |
desiccation-resistant
ⓘ
environmentally persistent ⓘ heat-resistant ⓘ |
| stainingCharacteristic | forms long chains in culture ⓘ |
| taxonRank | species ⓘ |
| toxinProduction | produces anthrax toxin ⓘ |
| transmissionRoute |
cutaneous exposure
ⓘ
ingestion of contaminated animal products ⓘ inhalation of spores ⓘ |
| virulenceFactor |
edema factor
ⓘ
lethal factor ⓘ protective antigen ⓘ |
| zoonotic | true ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Bacillus anthracis Description of subject: Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax in humans and animals.
Referenced by (11)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Bacillus anthracis