Brugmann's law
E520890
Brugmann's law is a sound law in Indo-European linguistics that explains how certain Proto-Indo-European vowels developed specifically in the Indo-Iranian branch.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Brugmann's law canonical | 2 |
| Saussure's law | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5460639 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Brugmann's law Context triple: [Indo-European phonology, studies, Brugmann's law]
-
A.
Lusser's law
Lusser's law is a reliability engineering principle that states the overall reliability of a system is the product of the reliabilities of its individual components, highlighting how system reliability decreases as more components are added in series.
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B.
Kluge's law
Kluge's law is a proposed sound law in Proto-Germanic historical linguistics that explains the development of certain geminate consonants from earlier consonant clusters.
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C.
Aitken’s Law
Aitken’s Law is a phonological rule in Scots and Scottish English that governs when vowels are pronounced long or short depending on their phonetic and morphological environment.
-
D.
Snell’s law of refraction
Snell’s law of refraction is a fundamental principle in optics that relates the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of two media, governing how light bends when passing between them.
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E.
Laporte rule
The Laporte rule is a selection rule in spectroscopy that states electronic transitions in centrosymmetric molecules or ions are only allowed between states of opposite parity, helping explain the intensity patterns of absorption and emission spectra.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Brugmann's law Target entity description: Brugmann's law is a sound law in Indo-European linguistics that explains how certain Proto-Indo-European vowels developed specifically in the Indo-Iranian branch.
-
A.
Lusser's law
Lusser's law is a reliability engineering principle that states the overall reliability of a system is the product of the reliabilities of its individual components, highlighting how system reliability decreases as more components are added in series.
-
B.
Kluge's law
Kluge's law is a proposed sound law in Proto-Germanic historical linguistics that explains the development of certain geminate consonants from earlier consonant clusters.
-
C.
Aitken’s Law
Aitken’s Law is a phonological rule in Scots and Scottish English that governs when vowels are pronounced long or short depending on their phonetic and morphological environment.
-
D.
Snell’s law of refraction
Snell’s law of refraction is a fundamental principle in optics that relates the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of two media, governing how light bends when passing between them.
-
E.
Laporte rule
The Laporte rule is a selection rule in spectroscopy that states electronic transitions in centrosymmetric molecules or ions are only allowed between states of opposite parity, helping explain the intensity patterns of absorption and emission spectra.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (41)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
historical linguistics concept
ⓘ
phonological rule ⓘ sound law ⓘ |
| appliesTo | Proto-Indo-European ⓘ |
| appliesToBranch |
Indo-Iranian
ⓘ
linked to:
Indo-Iranian languages
|
| appliesToSegment | Proto-Indo-European *o ⓘ |
| concerns |
sound change conditioning
ⓘ
syllable structure ⓘ vowel quantity ⓘ vowel timbre ⓘ |
| contrastsWith |
Bartholomae's law
ⓘ
Grassmann's law ⓘ |
| describes |
development of Proto-Indo-European *o in Indo-Iranian
ⓘ
lengthening of *o in open syllables before a single consonant and a vowel ⓘ |
| documentedIn | Indo-European phonology literature ⓘ |
| field |
Indo-European linguistics
ⓘ
Indo-Iranian linguistics ⓘ |
| hasEnvironmentCondition |
before a single consonant plus vowel sequence
ⓘ
open syllable ⓘ |
| hasExampleLanguage |
Old Avestan
ⓘ
linked to:
Avestan language
Vedic Sanskrit ⓘ |
| hasScope | Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Indo-Iranian sound change ⓘ |
| hasTheoreticalRole | evidence for systematic vowel changes in Indo-Iranian ⓘ |
| influences | etymological analysis of Indo-Iranian vocabulary ⓘ |
| isPartOf | Indo-Iranian sound laws ⓘ |
| languageFamilyContext |
Indo-European
ⓘ
linked to:
Indo-European language family
|
| namedAfter | Karl Brugmann ⓘ |
| proposedBy | Karl Brugmann ⓘ |
| reconstructsChange | Proto-Indo-European *o > Indo-Iranian *ā in certain environments ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
Neogrammarian hypothesis
ⓘ
linked to:
Neogrammarian hypothesis of sound laws
|
| relatedTo | regularity of sound change ⓘ |
| relevantTo |
Avestan historical phonology
ⓘ
Sanskrit historical phonology ⓘ |
| resultsInSegment | Indo-Iranian *ā ⓘ |
| status | generally accepted in Indo-European studies ⓘ |
| timeOfProposal | late 19th century ⓘ |
| typeOfChange | conditioned vowel lengthening ⓘ |
| usedFor |
explaining Avestan vowel alternations
ⓘ
explaining Sanskrit vowel alternations ⓘ |
| usedIn |
reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European vocalism
ⓘ
reconstruction of Proto-Indo-Iranian ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Brugmann's law Description of subject: Brugmann's law is a sound law in Indo-European linguistics that explains how certain Proto-Indo-European vowels developed specifically in the Indo-Iranian branch.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Brugmann's law