Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal
E518521
The Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal is a quantum cosmological model suggesting that the universe is finite but without an initial temporal boundary, replacing the classical Big Bang singularity with a smooth, boundaryless beginning described by quantum gravity.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal canonical | 5 |
| Hartle–Hawking state | 2 |
| “Wave Function of the Universe” | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5426946 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal Context triple: [Wheeler–DeWitt equation, relatedConcept, Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal]
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A.
Hawking–Penrose singularity theorems
The Hawking–Penrose singularity theorems are foundational results in general relativity that show, under broad physical conditions, spacetime must contain singularities such as those inside black holes or at the Big Bang.
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B.
Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays
Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays is a 1993 collection of popular-science essays and reflections by physicist Stephen Hawking, exploring cosmology, black holes, and his personal life and ideas.
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C.
Wheeler–DeWitt equation
The Wheeler–DeWitt equation is a fundamental equation in quantum gravity that attempts to describe the quantum state of the entire universe without reference to time.
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D.
The Origin and Fate of the Universe
The Origin and Fate of the Universe is a chapter in Stephen Hawking’s popular science book A Brief History of Time that explores cosmological models for how the universe began, evolves, and might ultimately end.
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E.
An Essay in Cosmology
An Essay in Cosmology is the subtitle of Alfred North Whitehead’s major philosophical work *Process and Reality*, which presents his influential process philosophy and metaphysical system.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal Target entity description: The Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal is a quantum cosmological model suggesting that the universe is finite but without an initial temporal boundary, replacing the classical Big Bang singularity with a smooth, boundaryless beginning described by quantum gravity.
-
A.
Hawking–Penrose singularity theorems
The Hawking–Penrose singularity theorems are foundational results in general relativity that show, under broad physical conditions, spacetime must contain singularities such as those inside black holes or at the Big Bang.
-
B.
Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays
Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays is a 1993 collection of popular-science essays and reflections by physicist Stephen Hawking, exploring cosmology, black holes, and his personal life and ideas.
-
C.
Wheeler–DeWitt equation
The Wheeler–DeWitt equation is a fundamental equation in quantum gravity that attempts to describe the quantum state of the entire universe without reference to time.
-
D.
The Origin and Fate of the Universe
The Origin and Fate of the Universe is a chapter in Stephen Hawking’s popular science book A Brief History of Time that explores cosmological models for how the universe began, evolves, and might ultimately end.
-
E.
An Essay in Cosmology
An Essay in Cosmology is the subtitle of Alfred North Whitehead’s major philosophical work *Process and Reality*, which presents his influential process philosophy and metaphysical system.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cosmological model
ⓘ
quantum cosmology proposal ⓘ theoretical physics concept ⓘ |
| addresses |
arrow of time problem
ⓘ
cosmological fine-tuning ⓘ initial conditions of the universe ⓘ |
| avoids | initial cosmological singularity ⓘ |
| boundaryCondition | no boundary in the Euclidean past ⓘ |
| comparedWith | Vilenkin tunneling proposal ⓘ |
| contrastsWith | classical Big Bang singularity ⓘ |
| coreIdea |
space and time emerge from a Euclidean quantum regime
ⓘ
the classical Big Bang singularity is replaced by a smooth beginning ⓘ the early universe is described by quantum gravity ⓘ the universe has no initial boundary in time ⓘ the universe is finite but without temporal boundary ⓘ |
| criticizedFor |
interpretational issues about time
ⓘ
mathematical ambiguities in Euclidean path integrals ⓘ measure problems in quantum cosmology ⓘ |
| describes |
early universe
ⓘ
origin of the universe ⓘ quantum state of the universe ⓘ |
| field |
cosmology
ⓘ
quantum cosmology ⓘ theoretical physics ⓘ |
| influenced |
modern discussions of the wave function of the universe
ⓘ
subsequent work in quantum gravity ⓘ |
| involves |
compact four-dimensional geometries
ⓘ
saddle-point approximation ⓘ semiclassical approximation ⓘ |
| mathematicalFormulation | path integral over compact Euclidean four-geometries ⓘ |
| predicts |
a specific wave function for the universe
ⓘ
nearly homogeneous and isotropic early universe ⓘ probability distribution over possible universes ⓘ |
| proposedBy |
James Hartle
ⓘ
Stephen Hawking ⓘ |
| publication |
“Wave Function of the Universe”
ⓘ
linked to:
Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal
|
| publicationYear | 1983 ⓘ |
| publishedIn | Physical Review D ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
inflationary cosmology
ⓘ
loop quantum cosmology ⓘ
linked to:
loop quantum gravity
multiverse models ⓘ string cosmology ⓘ |
| timeBehavior | time behaves like a spatial dimension near the beginning ⓘ |
| usesConcept |
Euclidean quantum gravity
ⓘ
Wheeler–DeWitt equation ⓘ path integral formulation ⓘ wave function of the universe ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal Description of subject: The Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal is a quantum cosmological model suggesting that the universe is finite but without an initial temporal boundary, replacing the classical Big Bang singularity with a smooth, boundaryless beginning described by quantum gravity.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal
linked to: Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal
linked to: Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal