Mare Liberum
E49976
Mare Liberum is a seminal 1609 treatise by Hugo Grotius that argues for the principle of freedom of the seas in international law.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Mare Liberum canonical | 11 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T393708 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Mare Liberum Context triple: [Hugo Grotius, notableWork, Mare Liberum]
-
A.
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is an international treaty that defines nations’ rights and responsibilities in the world’s oceans, including maritime boundaries, resource exploitation, navigation, and environmental protection.
-
B.
Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf is a UN body of experts that reviews coastal states’ scientific data to recommend the outer limits of their continental shelves beyond 200 nautical miles.
-
C.
Assembly of the International Maritime Organization
The Assembly of the International Maritime Organization is the highest governing body of the IMO, comprising all member states and responsible for setting the agency’s policies, budget, and strategic direction in global maritime regulation.
-
D.
Tordesillas
Tordesillas is a historic town in northwestern Spain best known as the site where Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, dividing newly discovered lands outside Europe between them.
-
E.
papal bull Inter caetera
The papal bull Inter caetera was a 1493 decree by Pope Alexander VI that granted Spain rights to newly discovered lands west of a demarcation line in the Atlantic, profoundly shaping early European colonial claims in the Americas.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Mare Liberum Target entity description: Mare Liberum is a seminal 1609 treatise by Hugo Grotius that argues for the principle of freedom of the seas in international law.
-
A.
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is an international treaty that defines nations’ rights and responsibilities in the world’s oceans, including maritime boundaries, resource exploitation, navigation, and environmental protection.
-
B.
Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf is a UN body of experts that reviews coastal states’ scientific data to recommend the outer limits of their continental shelves beyond 200 nautical miles.
-
C.
Assembly of the International Maritime Organization
The Assembly of the International Maritime Organization is the highest governing body of the IMO, comprising all member states and responsible for setting the agency’s policies, budget, and strategic direction in global maritime regulation.
-
D.
Tordesillas
Tordesillas is a historic town in northwestern Spain best known as the site where Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, dividing newly discovered lands outside Europe between them.
-
E.
papal bull Inter caetera
The papal bull Inter caetera was a 1493 decree by Pope Alexander VI that granted Spain rights to newly discovered lands west of a demarcation line in the Atlantic, profoundly shaping early European colonial claims in the Americas.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
book
ⓘ
treatise ⓘ work of international law ⓘ work of political philosophy ⓘ |
| author | Hugo Grotius ⓘ |
| centralClaim |
all nations are free to navigate the seas
ⓘ
all nations are free to trade by sea ⓘ the sea cannot be appropriated by any one nation ⓘ |
| chapterOf |
De Jure Praedae
ⓘ
linked to:
De jure praedae
|
| commissionedBy | Dutch East India Company ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | Dutch Republic ⓘ |
| fieldOfWork |
international maritime law
ⓘ
political theory ⓘ |
| genre |
legal treatise
ⓘ
political treatise ⓘ |
| hasAuthorNationality | Dutch ⓘ |
| hasImpactOn |
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
ⓘ
customary international law ⓘ |
| historicalContext |
Age of Discovery
ⓘ
linked to:
Age of Exploration
Dutch–Portuguese conflict over Asian trade ⓘ early modern European colonial expansion ⓘ |
| influenced |
doctrine of freedom of the seas
ⓘ
law of the sea conventions ⓘ modern international law ⓘ |
| influencedBy |
natural law theory
ⓘ
scholastic philosophy ⓘ |
| keyConcept |
freedom of commerce
ⓘ
freedom of navigation ⓘ res communis ⓘ |
| legalArgumentBasis |
common use of the seas
ⓘ
natural law ⓘ |
| mainSubject |
freedom of the seas
ⓘ
international law ⓘ law of the sea ⓘ maritime trade ⓘ navigation rights ⓘ |
| notableFor |
challenging Iberian maritime monopolies
ⓘ
formulating the doctrine of freedom of the seas ⓘ |
| opposes |
exclusive maritime dominion by a single state
ⓘ
mare clausum ⓘ |
| originalLanguage | Latin ⓘ |
| originalTitle | Mare Liberum ⓘ |
| partOf |
De Jure Praedae
ⓘ
linked to:
De jure praedae
|
| publicationDate | 1609 ⓘ |
| purpose |
to challenge Portuguese and Spanish claims to maritime monopoly
ⓘ
to justify Dutch access to Asian trade routes ⓘ |
| titleLanguage | Latin ⓘ |
| translatedTitle | The Free Sea ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Mare Liberum Description of subject: Mare Liberum is a seminal 1609 treatise by Hugo Grotius that argues for the principle of freedom of the seas in international law.
Referenced by (11)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.