Treaty 3

E471403

Numbered Treaty historic agreement treaty between the Crown and First Nations

Treaty 3 is a historic agreement signed in 1873 between the Canadian Crown and the Ojibwe (Saulteaux) peoples, covering lands in what are now northwestern Ontario and eastern Manitoba as part of Canada’s Numbered Treaties.

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All labels observed (4)

Label	Occurrences
Treaty 3 canonical	11
Grand Council Treaty 3	2
Anishinaabe Nation in Treaty 3	1
Grand Council Treaty #3	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4761558 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Treaty 3
Context triple: [Numbered Treaties, hasPart, Treaty 3]

A. Treaty 2
Treaty 2 is one of the early post-Confederation agreements between the Canadian Crown and First Nations, primarily concerning land cession and the establishment of reserves in what is now Manitoba and parts of Saskatchewan.
B. Treaty 7
Treaty 7 is an 1877 agreement between several First Nations of what is now southern Alberta and the Canadian government that ceded Indigenous lands in exchange for reserves, annuities, and other promises.
C. Treaty 1
Treaty 1 is a foundational 1871 agreement between the Canadian Crown and several First Nations in what is now southern Manitoba, marking the beginning of the Numbered Treaties era in Canada.
D. Horse Creek Treaty
The Horse Creek Treaty was an 1851 agreement between the United States and several Plains Indian nations that aimed to establish territorial boundaries and ensure safe passage for settlers moving west.
E. Treaty of Fort McIntosh
The Treaty of Fort McIntosh was a 1785 agreement between the United States and several Native American nations that ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio Country to U.S. control, helping set the stage for further conflict in the Northwest Indian War.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Treaty 3
Target entity description: Treaty 3 is a historic agreement signed in 1873 between the Canadian Crown and the Ojibwe (Saulteaux) peoples, covering lands in what are now northwestern Ontario and eastern Manitoba as part of Canada’s Numbered Treaties.

A. Treaty 2
Treaty 2 is one of the early post-Confederation agreements between the Canadian Crown and First Nations, primarily concerning land cession and the establishment of reserves in what is now Manitoba and parts of Saskatchewan.
B. Treaty 7
Treaty 7 is an 1877 agreement between several First Nations of what is now southern Alberta and the Canadian government that ceded Indigenous lands in exchange for reserves, annuities, and other promises.
C. Treaty 1
Treaty 1 is a foundational 1871 agreement between the Canadian Crown and several First Nations in what is now southern Manitoba, marking the beginning of the Numbered Treaties era in Canada.
D. Horse Creek Treaty
The Horse Creek Treaty was an 1851 agreement between the United States and several Plains Indian nations that aimed to establish territorial boundaries and ensure safe passage for settlers moving west.
E. Treaty of Fort McIntosh
The Treaty of Fort McIntosh was a 1785 agreement between the United States and several Native American nations that ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio Country to U.S. control, helping set the stage for further conflict in the Northwest Indian War.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (47)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Numbered Treaty ⓘ historic agreement ⓘ treaty between the Crown and First Nations ⓘ
administeredBy	Government of Canada ⓘ linked to: Canadian federal government (Ottawa)
affects	First Nations in the Treaty 3 area ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Northwest Angle Treaty ⓘ
appliesToTerritory	eastern Manitoba ⓘ linked to: Eastern Manitoba northwestern Ontario ⓘ linked to: Northwestern Ontario
country	Canada ⓘ
follows	Treaty 2 ⓘ
geographicFeatureInArea	Lake of the Woods ⓘ Rainy River region ⓘ linked to: Rainy River District
hasConsequence	Crown obligations for annuity payments to signatories ⓘ creation of Treaty 3 First Nations reserves ⓘ
hasInterpretationPrinciple	ambiguities resolved in favour of Indigenous parties ⓘ must be interpreted liberally in favour of Indigenous signatories ⓘ
historicalContext	construction of a transcontinental railway ⓘ westward expansion of Canada in the 19th century ⓘ
includesProvision	agricultural assistance ⓘ annuities ⓘ education assistance ⓘ fishing rights ⓘ hunting rights ⓘ reserve creation ⓘ trapping rights ⓘ
languageOfText	English ⓘ
legalStatus	binding treaty under Canadian law ⓘ
negotiatedWith	Saulteaux bands of the Lake of the Woods region ⓘ linked to: Saulteaux
ongoingRelevance	basis for contemporary treaty rights claims ⓘ subject of modern treaty interpretation and litigation ⓘ
partOf	Numbered Treaties ⓘ
precedes	Treaty 4 ⓘ
purpose	cede Indigenous title to lands to the Crown ⓘ define rights and obligations between the Crown and Ojibwe ⓘ establish reserve lands for Ojibwe signatories ⓘ
recognizedIn	Canadian constitutional law ⓘ Canadian jurisprudence on treaty rights ⓘ
relatedTo	Aboriginal and treaty rights in the Constitution Act, 1982 ⓘ Crown–Indigenous relations in Canada ⓘ linked to: Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada
signatoryPeople	Anishinaabe ⓘ linked to: Anishinabek
signedBy	Canadian Crown ⓘ linked to: Crown in right of Canada Ojibwe ⓘ Saulteaux ⓘ
signingDate	1873-10-03 ⓘ
treatyNumber	3 ⓘ
typeOfRight	collective rights of signatory First Nations ⓘ
yearSigned	1873 ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (15)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Numbered Treaties → hasPart → Treaty 3 ⓘ

Eagle Lake First Nation → partOf → Treaty 3 ⓘ

Eagle Lake First Nation → memberOf → Grand Council Treaty #3 ⓘ

linked to: Treaty 3

Eagle Lake First Nation → hasRightsUnder → Treaty 3 ⓘ

Treaty 2 → precedes → Treaty 3 ⓘ

Treaty 4 → follows → Treaty 3 ⓘ

Treaty 5 → relatedTo → Treaty 3 ⓘ

First Nations in Manitoba → hasTreaty → Treaty 3 ⓘ

Lac Seul First Nation → affiliation → Grand Council Treaty 3 ⓘ

linked to: Treaty 3

First Nations in Ontario → hasRepresentativeOrganization → Grand Council Treaty 3 ⓘ

linked to: Treaty 3

First Nations in Ontario → hasHistoricalTreaty → Treaty 3 ⓘ

Lac La Croix First Nation → partOfTreaty → Treaty 3 ⓘ

Grand Council of Treaty 3 → basedOnTreaty → Treaty 3 ⓘ

subject linked to: Grand Council of Treaty 3 (historical and contemporary Ojibwe governance)

Bimose Tribal Council → affiliation → Anishinaabe Nation in Treaty 3 ⓘ

linked to: Treaty 3

Eagle Lake 27 → partOfTreaty → Treaty 3 ⓘ

All labels observed (4)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (47)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (15)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited