Montreal Convention
E461632
The Montreal Convention is an international treaty that modernizes and harmonizes rules governing airline liability for passenger injury, death, baggage, and cargo in international air transport.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Montreal Convention canonical | 2 |
| 1971 Montreal Convention | 1 |
| Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air | 1 |
| Montreal Convention of 1999 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4695037 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Montreal Convention Context triple: [Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road, relatedInstrument, Montreal Convention]
-
A.
Budapest Convention
The Budapest Convention is the first international treaty aimed at harmonizing national laws, improving investigative techniques, and enhancing cooperation among nations to combat cybercrime.
-
B.
Oslo and Paris Conventions
The Oslo and Paris Conventions are international environmental agreements focused on preventing and controlling marine pollution in the North-East Atlantic.
-
C.
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation
The Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation is an international treaty adopted in 1971 that obliges states to criminalize and prosecute acts such as aircraft hijacking and sabotage to protect civil aviation security.
-
D.
Washington Convention
The Washington Convention is the international treaty that established the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) to arbitrate disputes between foreign investors and states.
-
E.
Liability Convention
The Liability Convention is an international space law treaty that establishes rules for determining and compensating damage caused by space objects.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Montreal Convention Target entity description: The Montreal Convention is an international treaty that modernizes and harmonizes rules governing airline liability for passenger injury, death, baggage, and cargo in international air transport.
-
A.
Budapest Convention
The Budapest Convention is the first international treaty aimed at harmonizing national laws, improving investigative techniques, and enhancing cooperation among nations to combat cybercrime.
-
B.
Oslo and Paris Conventions
The Oslo and Paris Conventions are international environmental agreements focused on preventing and controlling marine pollution in the North-East Atlantic.
-
C.
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation
The Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation is an international treaty adopted in 1971 that obliges states to criminalize and prosecute acts such as aircraft hijacking and sabotage to protect civil aviation security.
-
D.
Washington Convention
The Washington Convention is the international treaty that established the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) to arbitrate disputes between foreign investors and states.
-
E.
Liability Convention
The Liability Convention is an international space law treaty that establishes rules for determining and compensating damage caused by space objects.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (59)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
air law treaty
ⓘ
aviation liability convention ⓘ international treaty ⓘ |
| adoptedOn | 1999-05-28 ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
MC99
ⓘ
Montreal Convention of 1999 ⓘ
linked to:
Montreal Convention
|
| appliesTo |
carriage performed by aircraft for reward
ⓘ
gratuitous carriage by aircraft by an air transport undertaking ⓘ international carriage by air between State Parties ⓘ |
| concludedUnderAuspicesOf | International Civil Aviation Organization ⓘ |
| definesTerm |
accident
ⓘ
baggage ⓘ cargo ⓘ delay ⓘ international carriage ⓘ |
| depositary | International Civil Aviation Organization ⓘ |
| enteredIntoForceOn | 2003-11-04 ⓘ |
| fullName |
Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air
ⓘ
linked to:
Montreal Convention
|
| governs |
airline liability for baggage
ⓘ
airline liability for cargo ⓘ airline liability for passengers ⓘ documentation for carriage by air ⓘ international carriage by air ⓘ jurisdiction in air carriage claims ⓘ limitation periods for air carriage claims ⓘ |
| harmonizes | rules on international air carrier liability ⓘ |
| hasArticleCount | 57 ⓘ |
| introduces | two-tier liability system for passenger injury and death ⓘ |
| language |
Arabic
ⓘ
Chinese ⓘ English ⓘ French ⓘ Russian ⓘ Spanish ⓘ |
| modernizes | Warsaw system of air carrier liability ⓘ |
| partyType |
regional economic integration organization
ⓘ
sovereign state ⓘ |
| providesFor |
advance payments to passengers or their families in case of accidents
ⓘ
periodic review of liability limits ⓘ strict liability of air carriers up to a specified limit ⓘ unlimited liability of air carriers above a threshold unless carrier proves lack of fault ⓘ |
| region | worldwide ⓘ |
| replaces |
Guadalajara Convention
ⓘ
Hague Protocol to the Warsaw Convention ⓘ Warsaw Convention ⓘ
linked to:
Warsaw system of air carrier liability
|
| setsLiabilityRegimeFor |
bodily injury of passengers
ⓘ
damage to baggage ⓘ death of passengers ⓘ delay of baggage ⓘ delay of cargo ⓘ delay of passengers ⓘ destruction of baggage ⓘ loss of baggage ⓘ |
| shortName | Montreal Convention ⓘ |
| signedAt | Montreal ⓘ |
| signedInCountry | Canada ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
air carrier liability
ⓘ
private international air law ⓘ |
| usesMonetaryUnit | Special Drawing Rights ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Montreal Convention Description of subject: The Montreal Convention is an international treaty that modernizes and harmonizes rules governing airline liability for passenger injury, death, baggage, and cargo in international air transport.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road
→
relatedInstrument
→
Montreal Convention
ⓘ
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation
→
alsoKnownAs
→
1971 Montreal Convention
ⓘ
linked to: Montreal Convention
Montreal Convention
→
fullName
→
Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air
ⓘ
linked to: Montreal Convention
linked to: Montreal Convention