bithorax complex
E459331
The bithorax complex is a cluster of homeotic genes in Drosophila melanogaster that controls the identity and differentiation of the posterior thoracic and abdominal body segments.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Bithorax complex | 1 |
| Drosophila Hox complex | 1 |
| Hox complex of Drosophila melanogaster | 1 |
| bithorax complex canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4645723 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: bithorax complex Context triple: [Drosophila melanogaster, notableGene, bithorax complex]
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A.
Haldane’s rule
Haldane’s rule is a principle in evolutionary biology stating that when in the offspring of two different animal species or subspecies one sex is absent, rare, or sterile, that sex is usually the heterogametic one (e.g., XY or ZW).
-
B.
Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster is a small fruit fly species widely used as a model organism in genetics and developmental biology research.
-
C.
Beckwith
Beckwith is an English-origin surname borne by various notable individuals across fields such as politics, the arts, and academia.
-
D.
Chiascio
Chiascio is a river in central Italy that flows through the Umbria region before joining the Tiber.
-
E.
Schievelbein
Schievelbein is a historic town in Pomerania, now known as Świdwin in northwestern Poland.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: bithorax complex Target entity description: The bithorax complex is a cluster of homeotic genes in Drosophila melanogaster that controls the identity and differentiation of the posterior thoracic and abdominal body segments.
-
A.
Haldane’s rule
Haldane’s rule is a principle in evolutionary biology stating that when in the offspring of two different animal species or subspecies one sex is absent, rare, or sterile, that sex is usually the heterogametic one (e.g., XY or ZW).
-
B.
Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster is a small fruit fly species widely used as a model organism in genetics and developmental biology research.
-
C.
Beckwith
Beckwith is an English-origin surname borne by various notable individuals across fields such as politics, the arts, and academia.
-
D.
Chiascio
Chiascio is a river in central Italy that flows through the Umbria region before joining the Tiber.
-
E.
Schievelbein
Schievelbein is a historic town in Pomerania, now known as Świdwin in northwestern Poland.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Hox gene cluster
ⓘ
gene cluster ⓘ homeotic gene complex ⓘ |
| adjacentTo | Antennapedia complex ⓘ |
| associatedWithPhenotype |
bithorax mutation
ⓘ
homeotic transformation of halteres to wings ⓘ |
| controls |
abdominal segment identity
ⓘ
posterior thoracic segment identity ⓘ |
| discoveredInTaxon | Drosophila melanogaster ⓘ |
| encodes |
Abdominal-B protein
ⓘ
Ultrabithorax protein ⓘ
linked to:
Ultrabithorax
abdominal-A protein ⓘ |
| expressedIn |
abdominal segments
ⓘ
posterior thoracic segments ⓘ |
| foundInTaxon | Drosophila melanogaster ⓘ |
| genomicOrganization | clustered arrangement of multiple homeotic genes ⓘ |
| hasAllele |
abx mutation
ⓘ
bx mutation ⓘ pbx mutation ⓘ |
| hasBiologicalProcess |
anterior/posterior axis specification
ⓘ
pattern specification process ⓘ regulation of transcription ⓘ |
| hasGeneticElement |
cis-regulatory regions
ⓘ
enhancers ⓘ polycomb response elements ⓘ promoters ⓘ |
| hasHistoricalSignificance |
contributed to understanding of genetic control of development
ⓘ
provided evidence for colinearity of Hox genes ⓘ |
| hasMolecularFunction | DNA-binding transcription factor activity ⓘ |
| hasPart |
Abdominal-B
ⓘ
Ultrabithorax ⓘ abdominal-A ⓘ |
| hasRegulatoryMechanism |
polycomb group repression
ⓘ
trithorax group activation ⓘ |
| hasSequenceFeature | homeobox domains in encoded proteins ⓘ |
| involvedIn |
embryonic development
ⓘ
imaginal disc development ⓘ segmental identity determination ⓘ |
| locatedOnChromosome |
Drosophila melanogaster chromosome 3R
ⓘ
linked to:
Drosophila melanogaster
|
| mapsToCytogeneticBand | Drosophila 89E region ⓘ |
| orthologousTo | vertebrate posterior Hox gene clusters ⓘ |
| partOf |
Drosophila Hox complex
ⓘ
linked to:
bithorax complex
|
| regulates |
differentiation of abdominal segments
ⓘ
differentiation of posterior thoracic segments ⓘ homeotic transformation of segments ⓘ |
| studiedBy | Edward B. Lewis ⓘ |
| subjectOf | homeotic mutation studies ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: bithorax complex Description of subject: The bithorax complex is a cluster of homeotic genes in Drosophila melanogaster that controls the identity and differentiation of the posterior thoracic and abdominal body segments.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: bithorax complex
linked to: bithorax complex
linked to: bithorax complex