Third Fitna

Target entity: Third Fitna
Context triple: [Umayyad Caliphate, notableEvent, Third Fitna]

• A. Second Fitna
  The Second Fitna was a major early Islamic civil war (c. 680–692 CE) marked by rival caliphal claims, including those of Husayn ibn Ali and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, that challenged and ultimately shaped Umayyad rule.
• B. Conquest of Mecca
  The Conquest of Mecca was the pivotal 630 CE event in which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers peacefully took control of Mecca, leading to the city's transformation into the spiritual center of Islam.
• C. Second Libyan Civil War
  The Second Libyan Civil War was a multi-sided conflict that erupted after the fall of Muammar Gaddafi, pitting rival governments, militias, and foreign-backed factions against each other and plunging Libya into prolonged instability and violence.
• D. Battle of the Trench
  The Battle of the Trench was a pivotal 627 CE conflict near Medina in which early Muslims, under Muhammad’s leadership, successfully defended the city against a large Meccan coalition by using an innovative trench fortification.
• E. Dar al-Islam
  Dar al-Islam is the collective realm of Muslim-majority lands historically unified by Islamic law, culture, and religious authority.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Third Fitna
Target entity description: The Third Fitna was a late 8th-century Islamic civil war marked by intense internal conflict and rival claimants to the caliphate that contributed to the weakening and eventual downfall of the Umayyad dynasty.

• A. Second Fitna
  The Second Fitna was a major early Islamic civil war (c. 680–692 CE) marked by rival caliphal claims, including those of Husayn ibn Ali and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, that challenged and ultimately shaped Umayyad rule.
• B. Conquest of Mecca
  The Conquest of Mecca was the pivotal 630 CE event in which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers peacefully took control of Mecca, leading to the city's transformation into the spiritual center of Islam.
• C. Second Libyan Civil War
  The Second Libyan Civil War was a multi-sided conflict that erupted after the fall of Muammar Gaddafi, pitting rival governments, militias, and foreign-backed factions against each other and plunging Libya into prolonged instability and violence.
• D. Battle of the Trench
  The Battle of the Trench was a pivotal 627 CE conflict near Medina in which early Muslims, under Muhammad’s leadership, successfully defended the city against a large Meccan coalition by using an innovative trench fortification.
• E. Dar al-Islam
  Dar al-Islam is the collective realm of Muslim-majority lands historically unified by Islamic law, culture, and religious authority.
• F. None of above. chosen