Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC
E409747
The Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC was a foundational European Union law that established early comprehensive rules for the protection of personal data and privacy across EU member states before being superseded by the GDPR.
All labels observed (4)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4051830 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC Context triple: [GDPR, replaced, Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC]
-
A.
GDPR
The GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) is a comprehensive European Union data protection law that governs how organizations collect, process, and store personal data of individuals in the EU.
-
B.
Directorate for Data Protection and Privacy
The Directorate for Data Protection and Privacy is a unit within the European Commission responsible for developing and overseeing EU policies and legislation on personal data protection and privacy.
-
C.
Privacy Act of 1974
The Privacy Act of 1974 is a U.S. federal law that governs how federal agencies collect, maintain, use, and disclose individuals’ personal information, granting citizens rights to access and correct records about themselves.
-
D.
Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations
The Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations are UK laws that govern privacy, security, and the use of electronic communications such as marketing calls, emails, cookies, and traffic data.
-
E.
Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act
The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act is a U.S. federal law that regulates how websites and online services collect, use, and disclose personal information from children under 13.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC Target entity description: The Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC was a foundational European Union law that established early comprehensive rules for the protection of personal data and privacy across EU member states before being superseded by the GDPR.
-
A.
GDPR
The GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) is a comprehensive European Union data protection law that governs how organizations collect, process, and store personal data of individuals in the EU.
-
B.
Directorate for Data Protection and Privacy
The Directorate for Data Protection and Privacy is a unit within the European Commission responsible for developing and overseeing EU policies and legislation on personal data protection and privacy.
-
C.
Privacy Act of 1974
The Privacy Act of 1974 is a U.S. federal law that governs how federal agencies collect, maintain, use, and disclose individuals’ personal information, granting citizens rights to access and correct records about themselves.
-
D.
Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations
The Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations are UK laws that govern privacy, security, and the use of electronic communications such as marketing calls, emails, cookies, and traffic data.
-
E.
Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act
The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act is a U.S. federal law that regulates how websites and online services collect, use, and disclose personal information from children under 13.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
European Union directive
ⓘ
data protection law ⓘ privacy law ⓘ |
| adoptedBy |
Council of the European Union
ⓘ
European Parliament ⓘ |
| aim |
to ensure the free flow of personal data between Member States
ⓘ
to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
automated processing of personal data
ⓘ
non-automated processing of personal data in a filing system ⓘ personal data ⓘ |
| cameIntoForce | 1995-10-24 ⓘ |
| containsProvisionOn | transfers of personal data to third countries ⓘ |
| dateAdopted |
1995-10-24
ⓘ
24 October 1995 ⓘ |
| definesConcept |
controller
ⓘ
data subject ⓘ personal data ⓘ processing of personal data ⓘ processor ⓘ |
| establishesCriterion | adequate level of protection for data transfers to third countries ⓘ |
| fullName |
Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995
ⓘ
linked to:
Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC
|
| geographicalScope |
European Union Member States
ⓘ
linked to:
Member States of the European Union
|
| grantsRight |
right of access to personal data
ⓘ
right to object to certain processing ⓘ right to rectification of inaccurate data ⓘ |
| inspired | national data protection laws in EU Member States ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | European Union ⓘ |
| languageOfDocument | all official languages of the European Union ⓘ |
| legalBasis |
Treaty establishing the European Community
ⓘ
linked to:
Treaty of Rome
|
| obliges |
Member States to establish independent supervisory authorities
ⓘ
controllers to notify supervisory authorities of certain processing operations ⓘ |
| policyArea |
fundamental rights
ⓘ
information privacy ⓘ internal market ⓘ |
| repealDate | 2018-05-25 ⓘ |
| repealedBy |
General Data Protection Regulation
ⓘ
linked to:
GDPR
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 ⓘ
linked to:
GDPR
|
| requires |
accuracy of personal data
ⓘ
appropriate technical and organisational security measures ⓘ data minimisation ⓘ data quality principles ⓘ lawful basis for processing personal data ⓘ purpose limitation ⓘ storage limitation ⓘ |
| shortName |
Data Protection Directive
ⓘ
linked to:
Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC
Directive 95/46/EC ⓘ
linked to:
Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC
|
| subjectMatter |
free movement of personal data
ⓘ
protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data ⓘ |
| supersededBy |
GDPR
ⓘ
General Data Protection Regulation ⓘ
linked to:
GDPR
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC Description of subject: The Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC was a foundational European Union law that established early comprehensive rules for the protection of personal data and privacy across EU member states before being superseded by the GDPR.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC
→
fullName
→
Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995
ⓘ
linked to: Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC
linked to: Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC
linked to: Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC