Samuel B. Paul
E398643
Samuel B. Paul was an insurance agent whose challenge to state regulation of out-of-state insurance companies led to the landmark 1869 U.S. Supreme Court case Paul v. Virginia.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Samuel B. Paul canonical | 3 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T990294 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Samuel B. Paul Context triple: [Paul v. Virginia, party, Samuel B. Paul]
-
A.
Franklin H. Martin
Franklin H. Martin was an American surgeon and medical leader best known for founding and guiding the development of the American College of Surgeons.
-
B.
Samuel J. Gorlitz
Samuel J. Gorlitz is an American real estate entrepreneur best known as the founder of Federal Realty Investment Trust, a major publicly traded real estate investment trust specializing in retail and mixed-use properties.
-
C.
Edmund G. Ross
Edmund G. Ross was a 19th-century U.S. senator from Kansas best known for casting the decisive vote against the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson, an act later celebrated in John F. Kennedy’s "Profiles in Courage."
-
D.
George A. Bermann
George A. Bermann is a prominent American legal scholar and expert in international and comparative law, particularly known for his work in international arbitration.
-
E.
Wallace J. Benedict
Wallace J. Benedict was the husband of American lawyer and feminist activist Crystal Eastman.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Samuel B. Paul Target entity description: Samuel B. Paul was an insurance agent whose challenge to state regulation of out-of-state insurance companies led to the landmark 1869 U.S. Supreme Court case Paul v. Virginia.
-
A.
Franklin H. Martin
Franklin H. Martin was an American surgeon and medical leader best known for founding and guiding the development of the American College of Surgeons.
-
B.
Samuel J. Gorlitz
Samuel J. Gorlitz is an American real estate entrepreneur best known as the founder of Federal Realty Investment Trust, a major publicly traded real estate investment trust specializing in retail and mixed-use properties.
-
C.
Edmund G. Ross
Edmund G. Ross was a 19th-century U.S. senator from Kansas best known for casting the decisive vote against the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson, an act later celebrated in John F. Kennedy’s "Profiles in Courage."
-
D.
George A. Bermann
George A. Bermann is a prominent American legal scholar and expert in international and comparative law, particularly known for his work in international arbitration.
-
E.
Wallace J. Benedict
Wallace J. Benedict was the husband of American lawyer and feminist activist Crystal Eastman.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (20)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
U.S. Supreme Court case
ⓘ
person ⓘ |
| areaOfActivity |
insurance business
ⓘ
interstate insurance regulation ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship | United States of America ⓘ |
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| dateDecided | 1869 ⓘ |
| hasCourtCase | Paul v. Virginia ⓘ |
| impact | influenced later federal and state regulation of the insurance industry ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| legalAction | challenged state regulation of out-of-state insurance companies ⓘ |
| legalHolding | insurance was held not to be interstate commerce for purposes of the Commerce Clause (later overturned) ⓘ |
| legalIssue | whether insurance contracts are interstate commerce under the U.S. Constitution ⓘ |
| notableFor |
being the plaintiff in the U.S. Supreme Court case Paul v. Virginia
ⓘ
establishing early doctrine on the relationship between state power and regulation of insurance ⓘ |
| occupation | insurance agent ⓘ |
| plaintiff | Samuel B. Paul ⓘ |
| roleInLawsuit | plaintiff in Paul v. Virginia ⓘ |
| significance | his case helped define the constitutional status of insurance as not being interstate commerce in 1869 U.S. Supreme Court doctrine ⓘ |
| subjectMatter | state regulation of out-of-state insurance companies ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Samuel B. Paul Description of subject: Samuel B. Paul was an insurance agent whose challenge to state regulation of out-of-state insurance companies led to the landmark 1869 U.S. Supreme Court case Paul v. Virginia.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.