Late Cretaceous
E372556
The Late Cretaceous was the final epoch of the Cretaceous Period, marked by diverse dinosaur faunas, including large theropods like tyrannosaurids, and ending with the mass extinction that wiped out non-avian dinosaurs.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Late Cretaceous canonical | 34 |
| Upper Cretaceous | 2 |
| Late Cretaceous period | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3543685 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Late Cretaceous Context triple: [Tyrannosauridae, geologicalTimeRange, Late Cretaceous]
-
A.
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous was the final period of the Mesozoic Era, marked by high sea levels, diverse dinosaurs, and ending with the mass extinction that wiped them out about 66 million years ago.
-
B.
Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic was the final epoch of the Jurassic Period, marked by warm climates, high sea levels, and the flourishing of large dinosaurs and early birds.
-
C.
Paleogene
The Paleogene is a geologic period that marks the beginning of the Cenozoic Era, characterized by the diversification of mammals and birds following the mass extinction that ended the age of dinosaurs.
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D.
Tithonian
The Tithonian is the final age of the Late Jurassic period, marked by diverse marine life and significant evolutionary developments among dinosaurs and other vertebrates.
-
E.
Jurassic Period
The Jurassic Period was a major division of the Mesozoic Era characterized by warm climates, the dominance and diversification of dinosaurs, and the early evolution of birds.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Late Cretaceous Target entity description: The Late Cretaceous was the final epoch of the Cretaceous Period, marked by diverse dinosaur faunas, including large theropods like tyrannosaurids, and ending with the mass extinction that wiped out non-avian dinosaurs.
-
A.
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous was the final period of the Mesozoic Era, marked by high sea levels, diverse dinosaurs, and ending with the mass extinction that wiped them out about 66 million years ago.
-
B.
Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic was the final epoch of the Jurassic Period, marked by warm climates, high sea levels, and the flourishing of large dinosaurs and early birds.
-
C.
Paleogene
The Paleogene is a geologic period that marks the beginning of the Cenozoic Era, characterized by the diversification of mammals and birds following the mass extinction that ended the age of dinosaurs.
-
D.
Tithonian
The Tithonian is the final age of the Late Jurassic period, marked by diverse marine life and significant evolutionary developments among dinosaurs and other vertebrates.
-
E.
Jurassic Period
The Jurassic Period was a major division of the Mesozoic Era characterized by warm climates, the dominance and diversification of dinosaurs, and the early evolution of birds.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
geologic epoch
ⓘ
subdivision of the Cretaceous Period ⓘ |
| associatedWithBoundary | Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary ⓘ |
| associatedWithEvent |
Chicxulub impact
ⓘ
linked to:
Chicxulub impact crater
|
| biota |
development of more modern terrestrial ecosystems
ⓘ
widespread angiosperm-dominated forests ⓘ |
| characterizedBy |
diverse dinosaur faunas
ⓘ
extensive epicontinental seas ⓘ flowering plant diversification ⓘ fragmentation of supercontinent Pangaea remnants ⓘ high global sea levels ⓘ large theropod dinosaurs ⓘ modern-type marine plankton radiation ⓘ warm greenhouse climate ⓘ |
| climate |
generally ice-free poles
ⓘ
high atmospheric CO2 levels relative to present ⓘ |
| containsStage |
Campanian
ⓘ
Cenomanian ⓘ Coniacian ⓘ Maastrichtian ⓘ Santonian ⓘ Turonian ⓘ |
| dividedInto | Upper Cretaceous stages ⓘ |
| endedWith |
Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction
ⓘ
extinction of ammonites ⓘ extinction of many marine reptiles ⓘ extinction of non-avian dinosaurs ⓘ |
| endTime | approximately 66 million years ago ⓘ |
| follows | Early Cretaceous ⓘ |
| hasRepresentativeBirdGroup | early modern birds ⓘ |
| hasRepresentativeFlyingReptileGroup | pterosaurs ⓘ |
| hasRepresentativeMammalGroup | early placental mammals ⓘ |
| hasRepresentativeMarineReptileGroup |
mosasaurs
ⓘ
plesiosaurs ⓘ |
| hasRepresentativeOrnithischianGroup |
ceratopsids
ⓘ
hadrosaurids ⓘ |
| hasRepresentativeSauropodGroup | titanosaurs ⓘ |
| hasRepresentativeTheropodGroup | tyrannosaurids ⓘ |
| hasStratigraphicMarker | global iridium-rich layer at K–Pg boundary ⓘ |
| paleogeography |
continued opening of the Atlantic Ocean
ⓘ
increasing separation of Laurasia and Gondwana fragments ⓘ retreat of the Western Interior Seaway near its end ⓘ |
| partOf |
Cretaceous Period
ⓘ
linked to:
Cretaceous
Mesozoic Era ⓘ Phanerozoic Eon ⓘ |
| precedes | Paleocene ⓘ |
| startTime | approximately 100.5 million years ago ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Late Cretaceous Description of subject: The Late Cretaceous was the final epoch of the Cretaceous Period, marked by diverse dinosaur faunas, including large theropods like tyrannosaurids, and ending with the mass extinction that wiped out non-avian dinosaurs.
Referenced by (37)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Late Cretaceous
linked to: Late Cretaceous
subject linked to:
Tercis-les-Bains, France
subject linked to:
Maastricht Formation in the Netherlands
subject linked to:
the Mayo family
linked to: Late Cretaceous