Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
E364216
The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) is an internationally agreed reference point in a specific rock sequence that precisely defines the lower boundary of a stage or age in the geologic time scale.
All labels observed (14)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3502463 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point Context triple: [Maastrichtian, definedBy, Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point]
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A.
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for base of Hettangian
The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Hettangian is the internationally agreed geological reference point that marks the formal beginning of the Jurassic Period and the Mesozoic era’s post-Triassic recovery interval.
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B.
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point at Klonk, Czech Republic
The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point at Klonk in the Czech Republic is a formally designated geological reference site that marks the internationally agreed base of the Devonian System and serves as a key standard for correlating Early Devonian rock strata worldwide.
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C.
International Chronostratigraphic Chart
The International Chronostratigraphic Chart is the globally recognized standard timeline used by geologists to define and correlate the divisions of Earth’s geological history.
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D.
International Commission on Stratigraphy
The International Commission on Stratigraphy is the global scientific authority responsible for defining and standardizing the geological time scale and stratigraphic units used in Earth sciences.
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E.
Lomagundi–Jatuli carbon isotope excursion
The Lomagundi–Jatuli carbon isotope excursion was a major global perturbation in the carbon cycle during the Paleoproterozoic, marked by unusually high carbon isotope ratios that suggest prolonged burial of organic carbon and significant changes in Earth’s atmosphere and oceans.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point Target entity description: The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) is an internationally agreed reference point in a specific rock sequence that precisely defines the lower boundary of a stage or age in the geologic time scale.
-
A.
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for base of Hettangian
The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Hettangian is the internationally agreed geological reference point that marks the formal beginning of the Jurassic Period and the Mesozoic era’s post-Triassic recovery interval.
-
B.
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point at Klonk, Czech Republic
The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point at Klonk in the Czech Republic is a formally designated geological reference site that marks the internationally agreed base of the Devonian System and serves as a key standard for correlating Early Devonian rock strata worldwide.
-
C.
International Chronostratigraphic Chart
The International Chronostratigraphic Chart is the globally recognized standard timeline used by geologists to define and correlate the divisions of Earth’s geological history.
-
D.
International Commission on Stratigraphy
The International Commission on Stratigraphy is the global scientific authority responsible for defining and standardizing the geological time scale and stratigraphic units used in Earth sciences.
-
E.
Lomagundi–Jatuli carbon isotope excursion
The Lomagundi–Jatuli carbon isotope excursion was a major global perturbation in the carbon cycle during the Paleoproterozoic, marked by unusually high carbon isotope ratios that suggest prolonged burial of organic carbon and significant changes in Earth’s atmosphere and oceans.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
geologic time scale reference
ⓘ
stratigraphic boundary marker ⓘ |
| abbreviation | GSSP ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
chronostratigraphic units
ⓘ
geochronologic units ⓘ |
| approvedBy | International Commission on Stratigraphy ⓘ |
| criterion |
documented stratigraphic thickness across boundary
ⓘ
formal ratification procedure ⓘ long-term accessibility of the section ⓘ precise geographic coordinates ⓘ presence of primary marker (often fossil event) ⓘ presence of secondary markers (e.g., geochemical, magnetostratigraphic) ⓘ |
| defines |
lower boundary of a stage
ⓘ
lower boundary of an age ⓘ |
| hasComponent | specific rock sequence ⓘ |
| hasExample |
GSSP for the base of the Cambrian
ⓘ
linked to:
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
GSSP for the base of the Devonian ⓘ GSSP for the base of the Holocene ⓘ GSSP for the base of the Jurassic ⓘ GSSP for the base of the Ordovician ⓘ |
| hasProperty |
absence of major unconformities at boundary
ⓘ
continuous sedimentation across boundary ⓘ correlatable globally ⓘ good fossil content for biostratigraphy ⓘ internationally agreed ⓘ permanent marker in the field ⓘ physically accessible outcrop ⓘ precise radiometric dating desirable ⓘ precisely located reference point ⓘ protected stratigraphic section ⓘ well-exposed stratigraphic section ⓘ |
| introducedFor | standardization of stage boundaries worldwide ⓘ |
| language |
English term "Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point"
ⓘ
linked to:
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
|
| partOf |
International Stratigraphic Chart
ⓘ
linked to:
International Chronostratigraphic Chart
global standard stratigraphic age system ⓘ |
| regulatedBy | International Commission on Stratigraphy ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
Global Standard Stratigraphic Age
ⓘ
linked to:
Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA)
biostratigraphy ⓘ chemostratigraphy ⓘ chronostratigraphy ⓘ magnetostratigraphy ⓘ |
| standardizedBy | International Union of Geological Sciences ⓘ |
| timeSpan | Phanerozoic Eon focus ⓘ |
| usedFor |
calibration of geologic time scale
ⓘ
defining boundaries of geologic ages ⓘ defining boundaries of geologic stages ⓘ global correlation of rock units ⓘ |
| usedIn | geologic time scale ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point Description of subject: The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) is an internationally agreed reference point in a specific rock sequence that precisely defines the lower boundary of a stage or age in the geologic time scale.
Referenced by (28)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
International Commission on Stratigraphy
→
usesConcept
→
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)
ⓘ
subject linked to:
ICS
linked to: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
subject linked to:
ICC
Late Triassic
→
stratigraphicBoundaryDefinition
→
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) used for stage limits
ⓘ
linked to: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
subject linked to:
Meishan section China for base of Triassic
linked to: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
linked to: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
subject linked to:
Lemme-Carrosio section, Italy (Miocene GSSP)
linked to: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
Middle Miocene
→
hasStratotype
→
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Langhian Stage
ⓘ
linked to: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
Middle Miocene
→
hasStratotype
→
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Serravallian Stage
ⓘ
linked to: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
linked to: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
→
language
→
English term "Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point"
ⓘ
linked to: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
Miaolingian
→
lowerBoundaryDefinedAt
→
Wuliu-Zengjiayan Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
ⓘ
linked to: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
subject linked to:
Mawmluh Cave, Meghalaya, India
Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy
→
associatedWith
→
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
ⓘ
subject linked to:
subcommission on Quaternary stratigraphy
Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy
→
defines
→
Permian Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points
ⓘ
subject linked to:
subcommission on Permian stratigraphy
linked to: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
Subcommission on Carboniferous Stratigraphy
→
usesConcept
→
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
ⓘ
subject linked to:
subcommission on Carboniferous stratigraphy
Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy
→
uses
→
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point concept
ⓘ
subject linked to:
subcommission on Devonian stratigraphy
linked to: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy
→
usesConcept
→
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
ⓘ
subject linked to:
subcommission on Silurian stratigraphy
Subcommission on Ordovician Stratigraphy
→
uses
→
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point concept
ⓘ
subject linked to:
subcommission on Ordovician stratigraphy
linked to: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
linked to: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
linked to: Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
subject linked to:
Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA)