Commercial Crew Program
E33425
The Commercial Crew Program is a NASA initiative that partners with private companies to develop and operate crewed spacecraft for transporting astronauts to and from low Earth orbit, including the International Space Station.
All labels observed (10)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T249373 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Commercial Crew Program Context triple: [NASA Space Shuttle program, followedBy, Commercial Crew Program]
-
A.
Artemis program
The Artemis program is NASA’s ongoing initiative to return humans to the Moon, establish a sustainable lunar presence, and prepare for future crewed missions to Mars.
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B.
Skylab program
The Skylab program was NASA’s first space station initiative, focused on long-duration human spaceflight and scientific research in Earth orbit during the 1970s.
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C.
International Space Station program
The International Space Station program is a multinational collaborative effort to design, build, and operate a permanently crewed orbital research laboratory in low Earth orbit.
-
D.
NASA Space Shuttle program
The NASA Space Shuttle program was the United States' reusable spacecraft initiative that operated from 1981 to 2011, enabling routine human spaceflight, satellite deployment, and International Space Station construction and servicing.
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E.
Starliner spacecraft
The Starliner spacecraft is Boeing’s crewed space capsule designed to transport astronauts to and from low Earth orbit, including missions to the International Space Station.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Commercial Crew Program Target entity description: The Commercial Crew Program is a NASA initiative that partners with private companies to develop and operate crewed spacecraft for transporting astronauts to and from low Earth orbit, including the International Space Station.
-
A.
Artemis program
The Artemis program is NASA’s ongoing initiative to return humans to the Moon, establish a sustainable lunar presence, and prepare for future crewed missions to Mars.
-
B.
Skylab program
The Skylab program was NASA’s first space station initiative, focused on long-duration human spaceflight and scientific research in Earth orbit during the 1970s.
-
C.
International Space Station program
The International Space Station program is a multinational collaborative effort to design, build, and operate a permanently crewed orbital research laboratory in low Earth orbit.
-
D.
NASA Space Shuttle program
The NASA Space Shuttle program was the United States' reusable spacecraft initiative that operated from 1981 to 2011, enabling routine human spaceflight, satellite deployment, and International Space Station construction and servicing.
-
E.
Starliner spacecraft
The Starliner spacecraft is Boeing’s crewed space capsule designed to transport astronauts to and from low Earth orbit, including missions to the International Space Station.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (51)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
NASA human spaceflight program
ⓘ
commercial spaceflight program ⓘ |
| aimsTo |
develop commercially operated crewed spacecraft
ⓘ
end U.S. reliance on foreign crew transport to the ISS ⓘ stimulate commercial spaceflight industry ⓘ transport astronauts to and from the International Space Station ⓘ transport astronauts to low Earth orbit ⓘ |
| announcedBy | NASA ⓘ |
| announcedIn | 2010 ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| developsVehicle |
Boeing CST-100 Starliner
ⓘ
linked to:
Starliner spacecraft
Sierra Nevada Dream Chaser crewed variant (early phase) ⓘ
linked to:
Dream Chaser spaceplane
SpaceX Crew Dragon ⓘ
linked to:
Dragon spacecraft
|
| firstCrewedStarlinerTestFlight |
CFT (Crew Flight Test)
ⓘ
linked to:
Boe-CFT (Crew Flight Test)
|
| firstCrewedStarlinerTestFlightYear | 2024 ⓘ |
| firstCrewedTestFlight |
SpaceX Demo-2
ⓘ
linked to:
Crew Dragon Demo-2
|
| firstCrewedTestFlightYear | 2020 ⓘ |
| firstOperationalCrewFlight |
SpaceX Crew-1
ⓘ
linked to:
Crew-1
|
| firstOperationalCrewFlightYear | 2020 ⓘ |
| focusesOnOrbit | low Earth orbit ⓘ |
| fundingModel |
fixed-price contracts
ⓘ
public–private partnership ⓘ |
| keyPartner |
Blue Origin
ⓘ
Boeing ⓘ Sierra Nevada Corporation ⓘ SpaceX ⓘ United Launch Alliance ⓘ |
| missionType | crewed orbital spaceflight ⓘ |
| motivatedBy | retirement of the Space Shuttle in 2011 ⓘ |
| operator | NASA ⓘ |
| overseesCertification |
Boeing CST-100 Starliner for crewed ISS missions
ⓘ
SpaceX Crew Dragon for crewed ISS missions ⓘ |
| parentOrganization |
NASA Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate
ⓘ
NASA Space Operations Mission Directorate ⓘ |
| partOf | NASA human spaceflight efforts ⓘ |
| predecessor | Space Shuttle program for U.S. crew access to ISS ⓘ |
| primaryDestination |
International Space Station
ⓘ
linked to:
International Space Station program
|
| providesService |
crew return from the International Space Station
ⓘ
crew transportation to the International Space Station ⓘ |
| relatedProgram |
Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
ⓘ
Commercial Resupply Services ⓘ |
| replaces | NASA Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program for crew transportation ⓘ |
| requiresCapability |
autonomous rendezvous and docking
ⓘ
launch abort system ⓘ up to seven crew capacity (design capability) ⓘ |
| safetyStandard | NASA human-rating requirements ⓘ |
| startYear | 2010 ⓘ |
| usesLaunchSite |
Cape Canaveral Space Force Station Space Launch Complex 41
ⓘ
linked to:
Cape Canaveral LC-41
Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A ⓘ |
| usesLaunchVehicle |
Atlas V N22
ⓘ
linked to:
Atlas V
Falcon 9 Block 5 ⓘ
linked to:
Falcon 9 rocket
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Commercial Crew Program Description of subject: The Commercial Crew Program is a NASA initiative that partners with private companies to develop and operate crewed spacecraft for transporting astronauts to and from low Earth orbit, including the International Space Station.
Referenced by (78)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
NASA Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program
→
successorProgram
→
Commercial Crew Program
ⓘ
NASA Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program
→
relatedTo
→
NASA Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Office
ⓘ
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
NASA Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program
→
oversightOffice
→
Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Office
ⓘ
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
subject linked to:
NASA Docking System (Crew Dragon)
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
subject linked to:
Boe-CFT (Crew Flight Test)
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
subject linked to:
Launch pads 39A and 39B
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
subject linked to:
NASA and SpaceX
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
subject linked to:
Commercial Resupply Services (CRS)
linked to: Commercial Crew Program
subject linked to:
Commercial Resupply Services (CRS)
subject linked to:
Jim Bridenstine as NASA Administrator