Incorporation doctrine
E32819
The Incorporation doctrine is a constitutional principle through which most protections in the U.S. Bill of Rights have been made enforceable against state governments via the Fourteenth Amendment.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Incorporation doctrine canonical | 2 |
| early incorporation doctrine | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T252920 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Incorporation doctrine Context triple: [First Amendment to the United States Constitution, appliedToStatesBy, Incorporation doctrine]
-
A.
Pennsylvania Limited
Pennsylvania Limited was a premier named passenger train operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad, known for providing luxury service on its long-distance route in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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B.
General Welfare Clause doctrine
The General Welfare Clause doctrine is a constitutional interpretation that grants Congress broad authority to tax and spend in pursuit of national objectives deemed to promote the general welfare of the United States.
-
C.
Corporate Control, Corporate Power
"Corporate Control, Corporate Power" is a critical analysis by Edward S. Herman examining how large corporations shape economic structures, political processes, and media systems in modern capitalist societies.
-
D.
Butler Act
The Butler Act was a Tennessee state law enacted in 1925 that prohibited the teaching of human evolution in public schools, becoming infamous as the focus of the Scopes "Monkey" Trial.
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E.
Supremacy Clause
The Supremacy Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that establishes federal law and the Constitution as the highest law of the land, overriding conflicting state laws.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Incorporation doctrine Target entity description: The Incorporation doctrine is a constitutional principle through which most protections in the U.S. Bill of Rights have been made enforceable against state governments via the Fourteenth Amendment.
-
A.
Pennsylvania Limited
Pennsylvania Limited was a premier named passenger train operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad, known for providing luxury service on its long-distance route in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
-
B.
General Welfare Clause doctrine
The General Welfare Clause doctrine is a constitutional interpretation that grants Congress broad authority to tax and spend in pursuit of national objectives deemed to promote the general welfare of the United States.
-
C.
Corporate Control, Corporate Power
"Corporate Control, Corporate Power" is a critical analysis by Edward S. Herman examining how large corporations shape economic structures, political processes, and media systems in modern capitalist societies.
-
D.
Butler Act
The Butler Act was a Tennessee state law enacted in 1925 that prohibited the teaching of human evolution in public schools, becoming infamous as the focus of the Scopes "Monkey" Trial.
-
E.
Supremacy Clause
The Supremacy Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that establishes federal law and the Constitution as the highest law of the land, overriding conflicting state laws.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
constitutional doctrine
ⓘ
legal doctrine ⓘ |
| appliesTo | United States Constitution ⓘ |
| basedOn |
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
ⓘ
linked to:
Fourteenth Amendment
|
| centralTest |
whether a right is deeply rooted in the Nation’s history and tradition
ⓘ
whether a right is fundamental to ordered liberty ⓘ |
| contrastedWith | total incorporation theory ⓘ |
| developedBy | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| dominantForm | selective incorporation ⓘ |
| field |
civil rights law
ⓘ
constitutional law ⓘ |
| historicalPrecedent | Barron v. Baltimore ⓘ |
| incorporates |
Eighth Amendment protection against cruel and unusual punishment
ⓘ
Eighth Amendment protection against excessive fines ⓘ Fifth Amendment protection against double jeopardy ⓘ Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination ⓘ First Amendment freedoms of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition ⓘ Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable searches and seizures ⓘ Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms ⓘ Sixth Amendment right to a speedy and public trial ⓘ Sixth Amendment right to an impartial jury ⓘ Sixth Amendment right to counsel ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| keyCase |
Duncan v. Louisiana
ⓘ
Gideon v. Wainwright ⓘ Gitlow v. New York ⓘ Malloy v. Hogan ⓘ Mapp v. Ohio ⓘ McDonald v. City of Chicago ⓘ Near v. Minnesota ⓘ Palko v. Connecticut ⓘ Timbs v. Indiana ⓘ |
| legalEffect |
applies federal constitutional rights to the states
ⓘ
limits state government power ⓘ makes most Bill of Rights protections enforceable against state governments ⓘ |
| method | case-by-case application of Bill of Rights provisions ⓘ |
| notFullyIncorporated |
Fifth Amendment right to a grand jury indictment in state criminal cases
ⓘ
Seventh Amendment right to a civil jury trial in state courts ⓘ Third Amendment ⓘ |
| overcameHoldingOf | Barron v. Baltimore ⓘ |
| relatesTo |
Bill of Rights
ⓘ
federalism in the United States ⓘ judicial review ⓘ selective incorporation ⓘ total incorporation ⓘ |
| timePeriodOfDevelopment |
20th century
ⓘ
late 19th century ⓘ |
| usesClause |
Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
ⓘ
linked to:
Due Process Clause
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ
linked to:
Equal Protection Clause
Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ
linked to:
Privileges and Immunities Clause
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Incorporation doctrine Description of subject: The Incorporation doctrine is a constitutional principle through which most protections in the U.S. Bill of Rights have been made enforceable against state governments via the Fourteenth Amendment.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Incorporation doctrine