Photo 51
E312147
Photo 51 is the famous X-ray diffraction image of DNA that provided critical evidence for elucidating the molecule’s double-helix structure.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Photo 51 canonical | 3 |
| X-ray diffraction photograph of DNA known as Photo 51 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2938527 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Photo 51 Context triple: [Rosalind Franklin, notableWork, Photo 51]
-
A.
Wilkins
Wilkins is a surname most notably associated with Roy Wilkins, a prominent American civil rights leader and longtime NAACP executive director.
-
B.
The Double Helix (scientific contribution, not the book author)
The Double Helix is the iconic structural model of DNA, revealing its two-stranded, twisted-ladder configuration that underpins modern molecular biology and genetics.
-
C.
Fleming
Fleming is a surname most famously associated with Ian Fleming, the British author who created the James Bond spy novels.
-
D.
The O2 complex
The O2 complex is a large entertainment district in London featuring the O2 Arena, cinemas, restaurants, bars, and various leisure and retail facilities housed under the iconic dome structure.
-
E.
Bragg
Bragg is a surname most famously associated with physicists William Henry Bragg and his son Lawrence Bragg, pioneers of X-ray crystallography and Nobel Prize laureates.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Photo 51 Target entity description: Photo 51 is the famous X-ray diffraction image of DNA that provided critical evidence for elucidating the molecule’s double-helix structure.
-
A.
Wilkins
Wilkins is a surname most notably associated with Roy Wilkins, a prominent American civil rights leader and longtime NAACP executive director.
-
B.
The Double Helix (scientific contribution, not the book author)
The Double Helix is the iconic structural model of DNA, revealing its two-stranded, twisted-ladder configuration that underpins modern molecular biology and genetics.
-
C.
Fleming
Fleming is a surname most famously associated with Ian Fleming, the British author who created the James Bond spy novels.
-
D.
The O2 complex
The O2 complex is a large entertainment district in London featuring the O2 Arena, cinemas, restaurants, bars, and various leisure and retail facilities housed under the iconic dome structure.
-
E.
Bragg
Bragg is a surname most famously associated with physicists William Henry Bragg and his son Lawrence Bragg, pioneers of X-ray crystallography and Nobel Prize laureates.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
X-ray diffraction image
ⓘ
historical scientific artifact ⓘ scientific photograph ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
Francis Crick
ⓘ
James Watson ⓘ Maurice Wilkins ⓘ Rosalind Franklin ⓘ |
| contributedTo |
discovery of DNA double helix
ⓘ
understanding of genetic material structure ⓘ |
| dateTaken | 1952 ⓘ |
| depicts | B-form DNA ⓘ |
| DNAForm | B-DNA ⓘ |
| era | early 1950s ⓘ |
| ethicalDebateAbout | use without Rosalind Franklin's explicit permission ⓘ |
| field |
biophysics
ⓘ
molecular biology ⓘ structural biology ⓘ |
| hasSubject | DNA ⓘ |
| hasTitle | Photo 51 ⓘ |
| heldAt | King's College London Archives ⓘ |
| indicated |
10 base pairs per helical turn
ⓘ
DNA diameter about 2 nanometers ⓘ helical repeat about 3.4 nanometers ⓘ |
| influenced | Watson and Crick DNA model ⓘ |
| languageOfTitle | English ⓘ |
| materialImaged | hydrated DNA fibers ⓘ |
| namedBy | Maurice Wilkins ⓘ |
| nameRefersTo | number in series of X-ray photographs ⓘ |
| producedUnderSupervisionOf | Rosalind Franklin ⓘ |
| providedEvidenceFor |
DNA double helix
ⓘ
base-pair spacing in DNA ⓘ helical repeat of DNA ⓘ helical structure of DNA ⓘ |
| recognizedAs |
iconic image in science history
ⓘ
key evidence in DNA structure determination ⓘ |
| relatedTo | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 for DNA structure ⓘ |
| reproducedIn | Watson and Crick 1953 DNA structure work ⓘ |
| showsFeature |
equatorial reflections indicating DNA diameter
ⓘ
meridional reflections indicating helical pitch ⓘ |
| showsPattern |
X-shaped diffraction pattern
ⓘ
layer lines characteristic of helix ⓘ |
| takenAt |
King's College London
ⓘ
linked to:
King’s College London
|
| takenBy | Raymond Gosling ⓘ |
| takenInLaboratoryOf | Maurice Wilkins ⓘ |
| techniqueUsed |
X-ray crystallography
ⓘ
X-ray diffraction ⓘ
linked to:
X-ray crystallography
|
| usedFor | determining DNA double-helix structure ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Photo 51 Description of subject: Photo 51 is the famous X-ray diffraction image of DNA that provided critical evidence for elucidating the molecule’s double-helix structure.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Photo 51