Legionella bacteria

E305069

bacterial genus

Legionella bacteria are waterborne pathogenic microorganisms that can proliferate in plumbing systems and cause Legionnaires’ disease, a severe form of pneumonia.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

All labels observed (6)

Label	Occurrences
Legionella	4
Legionella bacteria canonical	1
Legionella dumoffii	1
Legionella micdadei	1
Legionella pneumophila	1
Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia-1	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2857838 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Legionella bacteria
Context triple: [Flint water crisis, mainPollutant, Legionella bacteria]

A. Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pestis is a highly virulent bacterium responsible for plague, including the historic pandemics of bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic forms.
B. Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium that causes the acute diarrheal disease cholera in humans.
C. Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax in humans and animals.
D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the pathogenic bacterial species that causes most cases of human tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission.
E. Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium is a genus of rod-shaped, often slow-growing bacteria that includes important human pathogens such as the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Legionella bacteria
Target entity description: Legionella bacteria are waterborne pathogenic microorganisms that can proliferate in plumbing systems and cause Legionnaires’ disease, a severe form of pneumonia.

A. Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pestis is a highly virulent bacterium responsible for plague, including the historic pandemics of bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic forms.
B. Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium that causes the acute diarrheal disease cholera in humans.
C. Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax in humans and animals.
D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the pathogenic bacterial species that causes most cases of human tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission.
E. Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium is a genus of rod-shaped, often slow-growing bacteria that includes important human pathogens such as the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (50)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	bacterial genus ⓘ
associatedDisease	Legionnaires’ disease ⓘ Pontiac fever ⓘ
cellShape	rod-shaped ⓘ
class	Gammaproteobacteria ⓘ
controlMeasure	copper-silver ionization ⓘ hyperchlorination ⓘ system flushing ⓘ temperature control in hot and cold water systems ⓘ thermal disinfection ⓘ
discoveredIn	1976 ⓘ
family	Legionellaceae ⓘ
forms	biofilms ⓘ
gramStain	Gram-negative ⓘ
habitat	cooling towers ⓘ decorative fountains ⓘ freshwater environments ⓘ hot water systems ⓘ man-made water systems ⓘ plumbing systems ⓘ spa pools ⓘ
infectionTargetCell	human alveolar macrophages ⓘ
intracellularLifestyle	facultative intracellular pathogen ⓘ
killedAtTemperature	>60 °C ⓘ
kingdom	Bacteria ⓘ
livesWithin	free-living amoebae ⓘ
motility	motile ⓘ
motilityStructure	flagellum ⓘ
namedAfter	Legionnaires’ disease ⓘ
notTransmittedBy	person-to-person contact (typical cases) ⓘ
optimalGrowthTemperature	25–45 °C ⓘ
order	Legionellales ⓘ
oxygenRequirement	aerobic ⓘ
pathogenicTo	humans ⓘ
phylum	Pseudomonadota ⓘ linked to: Proteobacteria
primaryReservoir	environmental water sources ⓘ
resistantTo	standard chlorination at low levels ⓘ
riskFactorEnvironment	biofilm accumulation ⓘ inadequate water disinfection ⓘ scale and sediment in pipes ⓘ stagnant water ⓘ
riskGroupForDisease	immunocompromised individuals ⓘ older adults ⓘ people with chronic lung disease ⓘ smokers ⓘ
taxonRank	genus ⓘ
temperaturePreference	warm water ⓘ
transmissionRoute	aspiration of contaminated water ⓘ inhalation of contaminated aerosols ⓘ
virulenceMechanism	type IV secretion system ⓘ

How these facts were elicited