CAN-SPAM Act
E292436
The CAN-SPAM Act is a U.S. law that sets rules for commercial email, establishes requirements for sending marketing messages, and gives recipients the right to stop receiving them, with enforcement by agencies such as the Federal Trade Commission.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| CAN-SPAM Act canonical | 1 |
| CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 | 1 |
| Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2724628 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: CAN-SPAM Act Context triple: [Federal Trade Commission, legalBasis, CAN-SPAM Act]
-
A.
Stored Communications Act
The Stored Communications Act is a U.S. federal law that governs government and third-party access to stored electronic communications and associated data held by service providers.
-
B.
Electronic Communications Privacy Act
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act is a U.S. federal law that governs the interception, access, and disclosure of electronic communications and associated data by government and private entities.
-
C.
Truth in Lending Act
The Truth in Lending Act is a U.S. federal law that requires lenders to clearly disclose key terms and costs of consumer credit to promote informed borrowing and protect consumers from unfair lending practices.
-
D.
Regulation CC
Regulation CC is a U.S. Federal Reserve regulation that governs the availability of funds and the collection and return of checks in the banking system.
-
E.
Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act
The Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act is a 2006 U.S. federal law that overhauled the Postal Service’s regulatory framework, including its finances, pricing, and oversight structure.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: CAN-SPAM Act Target entity description: The CAN-SPAM Act is a U.S. law that sets rules for commercial email, establishes requirements for sending marketing messages, and gives recipients the right to stop receiving them, with enforcement by agencies such as the Federal Trade Commission.
-
A.
Stored Communications Act
The Stored Communications Act is a U.S. federal law that governs government and third-party access to stored electronic communications and associated data held by service providers.
-
B.
Electronic Communications Privacy Act
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act is a U.S. federal law that governs the interception, access, and disclosure of electronic communications and associated data by government and private entities.
-
C.
Truth in Lending Act
The Truth in Lending Act is a U.S. federal law that requires lenders to clearly disclose key terms and costs of consumer credit to promote informed borrowing and protect consumers from unfair lending practices.
-
D.
Regulation CC
Regulation CC is a U.S. Federal Reserve regulation that governs the availability of funds and the collection and return of checks in the banking system.
-
E.
Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act
The Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act is a 2006 U.S. federal law that overhauled the Postal Service’s regulatory framework, including its finances, pricing, and oversight structure.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal law
ⓘ
anti-spam law ⓘ |
| allows | state enforcement actions under federal standards ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
businesses sending commercial email to U.S. recipients
ⓘ
commercial email with primary purpose of advertising or promotion ⓘ |
| codifiedIn | Title 15 of the United States Code ⓘ |
| codifiedSections | 15 U.S.C. § 7701 et seq. ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| doesNotPrimarilyRegulate |
non-commercial email
ⓘ
transactional or relationship messages ⓘ |
| effectiveDate | 2004-01-01 ⓘ |
| enactmentYear | 2003 ⓘ |
| enforcementAgency |
Federal Communications Commission
ⓘ
Internet service providers ⓘ state attorneys general ⓘ |
| exempts | certain transactional or relationship messages from some requirements ⓘ |
| fullName |
Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003
ⓘ
linked to:
CAN-SPAM Act
|
| jurisdiction | United States federal jurisdiction ⓘ |
| legislativeBody | United States Congress ⓘ |
| penaltiesInclude |
civil penalties
ⓘ
criminal penalties for aggravated violations ⓘ |
| policyGoal |
to protect consumers from deceptive email practices
ⓘ
to reduce unwanted commercial email ⓘ |
| preempts | most state laws specifically regulating commercial email ⓘ |
| primaryEnforcementAgency | Federal Trade Commission ⓘ |
| prohibits |
false or misleading transmission information in commercial email
ⓘ
harvesting email addresses for sending commercial email in violation of the Act ⓘ using open relays or open proxies to send commercial email in violation of the Act ⓘ |
| purpose |
to establish requirements for commercial messages
ⓘ
to give recipients the right to stop receiving commercial emails ⓘ to set rules for commercial email ⓘ to specify penalties for violations of commercial email rules ⓘ |
| regulates |
commercial email messages
ⓘ
email marketing practices ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
U.S. federal consumer protection law
ⓘ
online advertising regulation ⓘ |
| requires |
a clear and conspicuous opt-out mechanism in commercial email
ⓘ
accurate header information in commercial email ⓘ clear and conspicuous identification of messages as advertisements when applicable ⓘ inclusion of a valid physical postal address in commercial email ⓘ non-deceptive subject lines in commercial email ⓘ timely honoring of opt-out requests ⓘ |
| shortName |
CAN-SPAM Act of 2003
ⓘ
linked to:
CAN-SPAM Act
|
| signedBy | George W. Bush ⓘ |
| signingDate | 2003-12-16 ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
commercial email
ⓘ
electronic marketing messages ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: CAN-SPAM Act Description of subject: The CAN-SPAM Act is a U.S. law that sets rules for commercial email, establishes requirements for sending marketing messages, and gives recipients the right to stop receiving them, with enforcement by agencies such as the Federal Trade Commission.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
CAN-SPAM Act
→
fullName
→
Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003
ⓘ
linked to: CAN-SPAM Act
linked to: CAN-SPAM Act