Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
E288387
The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act is a U.S. federal law that criminalizes unauthorized access to computers and digital systems, often used in cases involving hacking and cybercrime.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Computer Fraud and Abuse Act canonical | 3 |
| 18 U.S.C. § 1030 | 1 |
| CFAA (Computer Fraud and Abuse Act) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2676808 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Computer Fraud and Abuse Act Context triple: [United States v. Julian Assange, legalBasis, Computer Fraud and Abuse Act]
-
A.
Electronic Communications Privacy Act
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act is a U.S. federal law that governs the interception, access, and disclosure of electronic communications and associated data by government and private entities.
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B.
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)
The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) is a U.S. federal law that allows prosecutors to charge individuals or groups engaged in ongoing patterns of organized criminal activity, including through enterprises such as gangs, corporations, or other organizations.
-
C.
Convention on Cybercrime
The Convention on Cybercrime is an international treaty that sets common standards for criminalizing and combating offenses committed via computer systems and the internet, and promotes cooperation among states in investigating and prosecuting such crimes.
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D.
Digital Millennium Copyright Act
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act is a 1998 U.S. law that implements international copyright treaties and strengthens protections for digital content, including anti-circumvention measures and safe harbor provisions for online service providers.
-
E.
Rule 41
Rule 41 is a provision of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure that governs the issuance and execution of search and seizure warrants in federal criminal investigations.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Computer Fraud and Abuse Act Target entity description: The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act is a U.S. federal law that criminalizes unauthorized access to computers and digital systems, often used in cases involving hacking and cybercrime.
-
A.
Electronic Communications Privacy Act
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act is a U.S. federal law that governs the interception, access, and disclosure of electronic communications and associated data by government and private entities.
-
B.
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)
The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) is a U.S. federal law that allows prosecutors to charge individuals or groups engaged in ongoing patterns of organized criminal activity, including through enterprises such as gangs, corporations, or other organizations.
-
C.
Convention on Cybercrime
The Convention on Cybercrime is an international treaty that sets common standards for criminalizing and combating offenses committed via computer systems and the internet, and promotes cooperation among states in investigating and prosecuting such crimes.
-
D.
Digital Millennium Copyright Act
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act is a 1998 U.S. law that implements international copyright treaties and strengthens protections for digital content, including anti-circumvention measures and safe harbor provisions for online service providers.
-
E.
Rule 41
Rule 41 is a provision of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure that governs the issuance and execution of search and seizure warrants in federal criminal investigations.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (52)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal statute
ⓘ
computer crime law ⓘ cybersecurity law ⓘ |
| allows | civil lawsuits by private parties for certain computer intrusions ⓘ |
| amendedBy |
Identity Theft Enforcement and Restitution Act of 2008
ⓘ
National Information Infrastructure Protection Act of 1996 ⓘ USA PATRIOT Act ⓘ various subsequent cybersecurity-related statutes ⓘ |
| appliesTo | protected computers ⓘ |
| clarifiedConcept | scope of exceeding authorized access ⓘ |
| codifiedIn | Title 18 of the United States Code ⓘ |
| codifiedSection |
18 U.S.C. § 1030
ⓘ
linked to:
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
|
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| criminalizes |
computer-related fraud
ⓘ
exceeding authorized access to computer systems ⓘ extortion involving threats to damage a computer ⓘ intentional damage to protected computers ⓘ trafficking in computer passwords ⓘ transmission of malicious code that causes damage to computers ⓘ unauthorized access to protected computers ⓘ |
| criticizedFor |
potentially overbroad application to terms-of-service violations
ⓘ
vague definition of exceeding authorized access ⓘ |
| definesTerm | protected computer ⓘ |
| enactedBy | United States Congress ⓘ |
| expandedBy | USA PATRIOT Act ⓘ |
| hasProvision | civil cause of action for certain violations ⓘ |
| interpretedBy |
United States Supreme Court
ⓘ
linked to:
Supreme Court of the United States
|
| jurisdiction | federal ⓘ |
| legalArea |
criminal law
ⓘ
cyberlaw ⓘ |
| notableCase | Van Buren v. United States ⓘ |
| originalEnactmentDate | 1986-10-16 ⓘ |
| originalEnactmentYear | 1986 ⓘ |
| penaltyIncludes |
fines
ⓘ
imprisonment ⓘ |
| penaltyType |
civil remedies
ⓘ
criminal penalties ⓘ |
| protectedComputerIncludes |
computers used by or for financial institutions
ⓘ
computers used by or for the United States government ⓘ computers used in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce ⓘ |
| publicLawNumber | Public Law 99-474 ⓘ |
| purpose |
to combat computer hacking and unauthorized access to computers
ⓘ
to protect computers and computer systems from fraud and abuse ⓘ |
| signedBy | Ronald Reagan ⓘ |
| signingPresident | Ronald Reagan ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
computer security
ⓘ
cybercrime ⓘ information security ⓘ |
| usedIn |
prosecutions involving malware and denial-of-service attacks
ⓘ
prosecutions involving unauthorized access to online services ⓘ prosecutions of computer hackers ⓘ |
| VanBurenDecisionYear | 2021 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Computer Fraud and Abuse Act Description of subject: The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act is a U.S. federal law that criminalizes unauthorized access to computers and digital systems, often used in cases involving hacking and cybercrime.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
linked to: Computer Fraud and Abuse Act