Bhamala Stupa
E265667
Bhamala Stupa is an ancient Buddhist archaeological site in Pakistan, notable for its distinctive cruciform stupa and significant Gandharan-era relics.
All labels observed (5)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Bhamala Buddhist Complex | 1 |
| Bhamala Buddhist complex | 1 |
| Bhamala Stupa canonical | 1 |
| Dharmarajika stupa | 1 |
| Shingardar Stupa | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2423748 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bhamala Stupa Context triple: [Haripur, hasHistoricalSite, Bhamala Stupa]
-
A.
Chaukhandi Stupa
Chaukhandi Stupa is an ancient Buddhist monument at Sarnath in Uttar Pradesh, India, marking the spot where the Buddha is believed to have first met his initial disciples after attaining enlightenment.
-
B.
Dhamek Stupa
Dhamek Stupa is a massive 6th-century Buddhist stupa at Sarnath, India, marking the site where Gautama Buddha is believed to have delivered his first sermon.
-
C.
Sasbahu Temple
Sasbahu Temple is an 11th-century twin temple complex in Gwalior, India, renowned for its intricate sandstone carvings and dedication to Vishnu.
-
D.
Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi
The Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi are an ancient complex of stupas, monasteries, temples, and pillars renowned as some of the oldest and most important surviving Buddhist architectural and artistic remains in India.
-
E.
Ashoka Pillar at Sarnath
The Ashoka Pillar at Sarnath is an ancient Mauryan stone column erected by Emperor Ashoka at the site of the Buddha’s first sermon, renowned as the original location of India’s national emblem.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bhamala Stupa Target entity description: Bhamala Stupa is an ancient Buddhist archaeological site in Pakistan, notable for its distinctive cruciform stupa and significant Gandharan-era relics.
-
A.
Chaukhandi Stupa
Chaukhandi Stupa is an ancient Buddhist monument at Sarnath in Uttar Pradesh, India, marking the spot where the Buddha is believed to have first met his initial disciples after attaining enlightenment.
-
B.
Dhamek Stupa
Dhamek Stupa is a massive 6th-century Buddhist stupa at Sarnath, India, marking the site where Gautama Buddha is believed to have delivered his first sermon.
-
C.
Sasbahu Temple
Sasbahu Temple is an 11th-century twin temple complex in Gwalior, India, renowned for its intricate sandstone carvings and dedication to Vishnu.
-
D.
Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi
The Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi are an ancient complex of stupas, monasteries, temples, and pillars renowned as some of the oldest and most important surviving Buddhist architectural and artistic remains in India.
-
E.
Ashoka Pillar at Sarnath
The Ashoka Pillar at Sarnath is an ancient Mauryan stone column erected by Emperor Ashoka at the site of the Buddha’s first sermon, renowned as the original location of India’s national emblem.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Buddhist archaeological site
ⓘ
Buddhist stupa ⓘ ancient monument ⓘ |
| architecturalStyle | Gandharan ⓘ |
| architecturalType | cruciform stupa ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
Buddha
ⓘ
linked to:
Shakyamuni Buddha
Gandharan Buddhism ⓘ
linked to:
Greco-Buddhist art
|
| contains |
Buddhist sculptures
ⓘ
coins ⓘ inscriptions ⓘ stucco figures ⓘ terracotta artifacts ⓘ |
| country | Pakistan ⓘ |
| culture |
Gandhara
ⓘ
linked to:
Gandhara civilization
|
| dateOfConstruction |
4th century CE
ⓘ
5th century CE ⓘ |
| era |
Gandharan period
ⓘ
linked to:
Gandhara civilization
|
| excavatedBy |
Department of Archaeology and Museums, Pakistan
ⓘ
linked to:
Department of Archaeology, Pakistan
|
| excavationPeriod |
20th century
ⓘ
21st century ⓘ |
| hasPart |
chapels
ⓘ
courtyards ⓘ main cruciform stupa ⓘ monastic cells ⓘ smaller votive stupas ⓘ |
| heritageDesignation | UNESCO World Heritage Site buffer zone (Taxila) ⓘ |
| legalProtectionStatus | protected archaeological site in Pakistan ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
Haripur District
ⓘ
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ⓘ Taxila region ⓘ
linked to:
Taxila
|
| locatedNear |
Khanpur Lake
ⓘ
linked to:
Rawal Lake
|
| locatedOn | right bank of Haro River ⓘ |
| materialUsed |
mud mortar
ⓘ
stone ⓘ |
| nearbyCity |
Haripur
ⓘ
Islamabad ⓘ |
| notableFor |
Gandharan-era relics
ⓘ
distinctive cruciform plan ⓘ large Buddha statue in parinirvana posture ⓘ |
| partOf |
Bhamala Buddhist complex
ⓘ
linked to:
Bhamala Stupa
|
| region | South Asia ⓘ |
| religion | Buddhism ⓘ |
| shape | cross-shaped plan ⓘ |
| touristAttraction | yes ⓘ |
| usedFor |
Buddhist religious activities
ⓘ
ritual circumambulation ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Bhamala Stupa Description of subject: Bhamala Stupa is an ancient Buddhist archaeological site in Pakistan, notable for its distinctive cruciform stupa and significant Gandharan-era relics.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Bhamala Stupa
linked to: Bhamala Stupa
linked to: Bhamala Stupa
linked to: Bhamala Stupa