A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae

E261927

astronomy paper scientific paper

"A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae" is Edwin Hubble’s landmark 1929 paper that established the linear relationship between galaxies’ distances and their recessional velocities, providing the first strong evidence for the expanding universe.

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All labels observed (6)

Label	Occurrences
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae canonical	2
Hubble 1929 paper	1
Hubble–Humason velocity–distance relation	1
Hubble’s 1929 distance–velocity paper	1
Hubble’s 1929 velocity–distance relation	1
“Extra-galactic Nebulae”	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2389091 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
Context triple: [Edwin Hubble, notableWork, A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae]

A. Tolman surface brightness test
The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
B. Faber–Jackson relation paper
The Faber–Jackson relation paper is a landmark astrophysics publication that established a correlation between the luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion of elliptical galaxies, providing key insights into their structure and evolution.
C. Zwicky catalog of galaxies
The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
D. On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars
"On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars" is a landmark 1914 paper by Henry Norris Russell that helped establish the relationship between stellar spectral type, luminosity, and other properties, laying groundwork for the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and modern stellar astrophysics.
E. The Motion of Stars
The Motion of Stars is a 1910 silent short film directed by D.W. Griffith that explores astronomical themes through early cinematic techniques.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
Target entity description: "A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae" is Edwin Hubble’s landmark 1929 paper that established the linear relationship between galaxies’ distances and their recessional velocities, providing the first strong evidence for the expanding universe.

A. Tolman surface brightness test
The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
B. Faber–Jackson relation paper
The Faber–Jackson relation paper is a landmark astrophysics publication that established a correlation between the luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion of elliptical galaxies, providing key insights into their structure and evolution.
C. Zwicky catalog of galaxies
The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
D. On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars
"On the Relations between the Spectra and Other Characteristics of the Stars" is a landmark 1914 paper by Henry Norris Russell that helped establish the relationship between stellar spectral type, luminosity, and other properties, laying groundwork for the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and modern stellar astrophysics.
E. The Motion of Stars
The Motion of Stars is a 1910 silent short film directed by D.W. Griffith that explores astronomical themes through early cinematic techniques.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (42)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	astronomy paper ⓘ scientific paper ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Hubble 1929 paper ⓘ linked to: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae Hubble’s 1929 distance–velocity paper ⓘ linked to: A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
assumes	redshifts correspond to recessional velocities ⓘ
author	Edwin Hubble ⓘ
basedOnObservationsAt	Mount Wilson Observatory ⓘ
chronologyWithinField	early 20th-century cosmology paper ⓘ
citationStyleTitle	A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae ⓘ
citedAs	foundational paper in modern cosmology ⓘ
concludes	more distant galaxies have larger recessional velocities ⓘ
contributionTo	observational cosmology ⓘ
countryOfPublication	United States ⓘ linked to: United States of America
dataTypeUsed	distance estimates ⓘ radial velocities ⓘ
estimates	proportionality between distance and radial velocity ⓘ
field	astronomy ⓘ cosmology ⓘ
focusesOn	relation between distance and radial velocity ⓘ
hasAuthorSurname	Hubble ⓘ
historicalSignificance	first strong observational evidence for expanding universe ⓘ
impactOn	acceptance of galaxies as separate “island universes” ⓘ
influenced	Big Bang cosmology ⓘ
introducesConcept	Hubble–Lemaître law ⓘ linked to: Lemaître–Hubble law
keyResult	velocity is proportional to distance for extra-galactic nebulae ⓘ
language	English ⓘ
mainSubject	extra-galactic nebulae ⓘ galaxies ⓘ
precedes	Hubble and Humason 1931 paper on velocity–distance relation ⓘ
proposes	linear relation between distance and recessional velocity of galaxies ⓘ
providesEvidenceFor	cosmological expansion ⓘ
publicationYear	1929 ⓘ
publishedIn	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ⓘ
relatedConcept	redshift–distance relation ⓘ linked to: Lemaître–Hubble law
relatedToWorkOf	Georges Lemaître ⓘ Vesto Melvin Slipher ⓘ
relatesTo	Hubble constant ⓘ linked to: Hubble constant H₀
supportsTheory	expanding universe ⓘ
timePeriodDescribed	nearby universe at low redshift ⓘ
typeOfWork	observational study ⓘ
usesDataFrom	Slipher radial velocity measurements ⓘ
usesMethod	Cepheid variable distance measurements ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (7)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Edwin Hubble → notableWork → A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae ⓘ

100-inch Hooker Telescope → associatedWithDiscovery → Hubble–Humason velocity–distance relation ⓘ

subject linked to: 100-inch Hooker Telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory