Notothenioidei
E256845
Notothenioidei is a suborder of mostly Antarctic and sub-Antarctic fishes, including the famous antifreeze protein–bearing icefishes that dominate Southern Ocean ecosystems.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Notothenioidei canonical | 8 |
| Notothenioidea | 4 |
| Nototheniidae | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2331056 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Notothenioidei Context triple: [Perciformes, hasSuborder, Notothenioidei]
-
A.
Scophthalmidae
Scophthalmidae is a family of flatfishes that includes species such as turbots and brill, known for their laterally compressed bodies and benthic marine habitats.
-
B.
Gadiformes
Gadiformes is an order of mostly marine, bottom-dwelling ray-finned fishes that includes economically important species such as cod, haddock, and pollock.
-
C.
Derichthyidae
Derichthyidae is a family of deep-sea eel-like fishes within the order Anguilliformes, commonly known as longneck eels.
-
D.
Atherinomorphae
Atherinomorphae is a clade of ray-finned fishes that includes silversides, killifishes, and livebearers, many of which inhabit marine and freshwater surface waters worldwide.
-
E.
Atheriniformes
Atheriniformes is an order of ray-finned fishes commonly known as silversides, which are typically small, schooling, coastal or freshwater species found worldwide.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Notothenioidei Target entity description: Notothenioidei is a suborder of mostly Antarctic and sub-Antarctic fishes, including the famous antifreeze protein–bearing icefishes that dominate Southern Ocean ecosystems.
-
A.
Scophthalmidae
Scophthalmidae is a family of flatfishes that includes species such as turbots and brill, known for their laterally compressed bodies and benthic marine habitats.
-
B.
Gadiformes
Gadiformes is an order of mostly marine, bottom-dwelling ray-finned fishes that includes economically important species such as cod, haddock, and pollock.
-
C.
Derichthyidae
Derichthyidae is a family of deep-sea eel-like fishes within the order Anguilliformes, commonly known as longneck eels.
-
D.
Atherinomorphae
Atherinomorphae is a clade of ray-finned fishes that includes silversides, killifishes, and livebearers, many of which inhabit marine and freshwater surface waters worldwide.
-
E.
Atheriniformes
Atheriniformes is an order of ray-finned fishes commonly known as silversides, which are typically small, schooling, coastal or freshwater species found worldwide.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
fish suborder
ⓘ
taxon ⓘ |
| adaptation |
buoyancy regulation via reduced bone density and increased lipids
ⓘ
reduced skeletal ossification in many species ⓘ tolerance of freezing temperatures near −1.9 °C ⓘ |
| bodyTemperatureRelation | body temperature close to ambient seawater temperature ⓘ |
| class | Actinopterygii ⓘ |
| climateAdaptation | cold-specialized stenothermal physiology ⓘ |
| commonName | Antarctic notothenioid fishes ⓘ |
| diet |
benthic invertebrates
ⓘ
smaller fishes ⓘ zooplankton ⓘ |
| distribution |
Antarctic waters
ⓘ
Southern Ocean ⓘ sub-Antarctic waters ⓘ |
| ecologicalRole |
dominant demersal fishes in Antarctic shelf ecosystems
ⓘ
important prey for seals, penguins, and toothed whales ⓘ |
| economicUse |
commercial fisheries for some species
ⓘ
research models for cold adaptation and antifreeze proteins ⓘ |
| evolutionaryEvent | adaptive radiation in the Southern Ocean ⓘ |
| evolutionaryTimeframe | diversified mainly during Neogene cooling of Southern Ocean ⓘ |
| habitat |
benthic marine environments
ⓘ
pelagic marine environments ⓘ |
| includes |
Artedidraconidae
ⓘ
Bathydraconidae ⓘ Bovichtidae ⓘ Channichthyidae ⓘ Eleginopsidae ⓘ Harpagiferidae ⓘ Nototheniidae ⓘ Pseudaphritidae ⓘ |
| infraclass | Teleostei ⓘ |
| kingdom | Animalia ⓘ |
| notableFor |
antifreeze glycoproteins in blood and body fluids
ⓘ
dominance in Antarctic fish biomass ⓘ presence of hemoglobinless icefishes in family Channichthyidae ⓘ |
| notableMemberGroup | icefishes ⓘ |
| oxygenPhysiology | some members lack hemoglobin ⓘ |
| parentTaxon | Perciformes ⓘ |
| phylum | Chordata ⓘ |
| physiologicalFeature | presence of antifreeze glycoprotein genes derived from trypsinogen-like ancestor ⓘ |
| reproduction |
generally produce large yolky eggs
ⓘ
often exhibit benthic egg deposition ⓘ |
| researchImportance |
model for studying evolution under extreme cold
ⓘ
model for studying gene duplication and neofunctionalization ⓘ |
| superorder | Acanthopterygii ⓘ |
| taxonRank | suborder ⓘ |
| threat |
vulnerability to ocean acidification
ⓘ
vulnerability to ocean warming ⓘ |
| trophicLevel | mostly mid-trophic-level predators ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Notothenioidei Description of subject: Notothenioidei is a suborder of mostly Antarctic and sub-Antarctic fishes, including the famous antifreeze protein–bearing icefishes that dominate Southern Ocean ecosystems.
Referenced by (13)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Notothenioidei
linked to: Notothenioidei
linked to: Notothenioidei
linked to: Notothenioidei
linked to: Notothenioidei