Upper Amuzgo
E254411
Upper Amuzgo is a variant of the Amuzgo language spoken by an indigenous community in southern Mexico.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Upper Amuzgo canonical | 2 |
| High Amuzgo | 1 |
| Highland Amuzgo | 1 |
| Upper Eastern Amuzgo | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2306128 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Upper Amuzgo Context triple: [Amuzgo, hasSubgroup, Upper Amuzgo]
-
A.
Zapotec
The Zapotec are an indigenous Mesoamerican people primarily from the Oaxaca region of southern Mexico, known for their ancient civilization, distinctive language family, and rich cultural traditions.
-
B.
Yuman–Cochimí languages
Yuman–Cochimí languages are a group of closely related Indigenous languages historically spoken in the Baja California Peninsula and the lower Colorado River region of northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States.
-
C.
Mazatec languages
The Mazatec languages are a group of closely related indigenous Otomanguean languages spoken primarily by the Mazatec people in the northern region of Oaxaca, Mexico.
-
D.
Kaqchikel
Kaqchikel is a Mayan language spoken primarily by the Kaqchikel people in the central highlands of Guatemala.
-
E.
Mixtec languages
Mixtec languages are a group of closely related indigenous Oto-Manguean languages of southern Mexico, traditionally spoken by the Mixtec people across Oaxaca, Puebla, and Guerrero.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Upper Amuzgo Target entity description: Upper Amuzgo is a variant of the Amuzgo language spoken by an indigenous community in southern Mexico.
-
A.
Zapotec
The Zapotec are an indigenous Mesoamerican people primarily from the Oaxaca region of southern Mexico, known for their ancient civilization, distinctive language family, and rich cultural traditions.
-
B.
Yuman–Cochimí languages
Yuman–Cochimí languages are a group of closely related Indigenous languages historically spoken in the Baja California Peninsula and the lower Colorado River region of northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States.
-
C.
Mazatec languages
The Mazatec languages are a group of closely related indigenous Otomanguean languages spoken primarily by the Mazatec people in the northern region of Oaxaca, Mexico.
-
D.
Kaqchikel
Kaqchikel is a Mayan language spoken primarily by the Kaqchikel people in the central highlands of Guatemala.
-
E.
Mixtec languages
Mixtec languages are a group of closely related indigenous Oto-Manguean languages of southern Mexico, traditionally spoken by the Mixtec people across Oaxaca, Puebla, and Guerrero.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (42)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Amuzgo language variety
ⓘ
Oto-Manguean language variety ⓘ language variety ⓘ |
| belongsToMacroarea | Mesoamerica ⓘ |
| country | Mexico ⓘ |
| endangeredStatus | vulnerable ⓘ |
| ethnicGroup | Amuzgo people ⓘ |
| hasAlternativeName |
Amuzgo Alto
ⓘ
High Amuzgo ⓘ
linked to:
Upper Amuzgo
|
| hasCommunityEfforts | language maintenance and revitalization activities ⓘ |
| hasDialect |
San Pedro Amuzgos dialect
ⓘ
linked to:
San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo
Xochistlahuaca-related varieties (often grouped as Upper Amuzgo) ⓘ |
| hasGrammaticalFeature |
distinction between inclusive and exclusive first person plural pronouns
ⓘ
verb inflection for aspect ⓘ |
| hasLexifierContact | Spanish ⓘ |
| hasLinguisticAreaFeature | Mesoamerican linguistic area traits ⓘ |
| hasLoanwordsFrom | Spanish ⓘ |
| hasPhonologicalFeature |
complex consonant inventory
ⓘ
nasal vowels ⓘ tone ⓘ |
| hasResource |
bilingual dictionaries with Spanish
ⓘ
descriptive grammars ⓘ |
| isIndigenousLanguageOf | Mexico ⓘ |
| isMutuallyIntelligibleWith | other Amuzgo varieties to a limited degree ⓘ |
| iso639-3 | amu ⓘ |
| isTonalLanguage | true ⓘ |
| languageFamily | Oto-Manguean languages ⓘ |
| languagePolicyStatus | recognized as national language of Mexico ⓘ |
| languageStatus | indigenous language of Mexico ⓘ |
| morphologyType | fusional-analytic mix ⓘ |
| region | southern Mexico ⓘ |
| spokenIn |
Guerrero
ⓘ
Oaxaca ⓘ |
| subdivisionOf | Amuzgo language ⓘ |
| subfamily | Amuzgoan ⓘ |
| typology | predominantly SVO word order ⓘ |
| usedBy | indigenous community in southern Mexico ⓘ |
| usedIn |
community radio programming
ⓘ
local religious practices ⓘ traditional oral literature ⓘ |
| usedInEducation | bilingual intercultural education programs in some communities ⓘ |
| writingSystem |
Latin script
ⓘ
linked to:
Latin alphabet
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Upper Amuzgo Description of subject: Upper Amuzgo is a variant of the Amuzgo language spoken by an indigenous community in southern Mexico.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Upper Amuzgo
linked to: Upper Amuzgo
linked to: Upper Amuzgo