diphtheria antitoxin
E239052
Diphtheria antitoxin is a serum-based immune therapy that neutralizes the toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, used to treat and prevent the severe complications of diphtheria infection.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| diphtheria antitoxin canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2164391 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: diphtheria antitoxin Context triple: [Emil Adolf von Behring, knownFor, diphtheria antitoxin]
-
A.
Behring
Behring is a German surname most notably associated with Emil Adolf von Behring, the pioneering physiologist and first Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine for his work on serum therapy.
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B.
Antidote
"Antidote" is a breakout hit single by American rapper Travis Scott, known for its moody production, catchy hook, and major role in elevating his mainstream popularity.
-
C.
Tykocin
Tykocin is a historic town in northeastern Poland known for its well-preserved Jewish heritage, baroque architecture, and role in Polish royal and noble history.
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D.
Virus-Serum-Toxin Act
The Virus-Serum-Toxin Act is a U.S. federal law that regulates the production and distribution of veterinary biological products, such as vaccines and serums, to ensure their safety, purity, and effectiveness.
-
E.
Leqembi
Leqembi is an Alzheimer’s disease drug (lecanemab) that targets amyloid-beta plaques to slow cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: diphtheria antitoxin Target entity description: Diphtheria antitoxin is a serum-based immune therapy that neutralizes the toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, used to treat and prevent the severe complications of diphtheria infection.
-
A.
Behring
Behring is a German surname most notably associated with Emil Adolf von Behring, the pioneering physiologist and first Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine for his work on serum therapy.
-
B.
Antidote
"Antidote" is a breakout hit single by American rapper Travis Scott, known for its moody production, catchy hook, and major role in elevating his mainstream popularity.
-
C.
Tykocin
Tykocin is a historic town in northeastern Poland known for its well-preserved Jewish heritage, baroque architecture, and role in Polish royal and noble history.
-
D.
Virus-Serum-Toxin Act
The Virus-Serum-Toxin Act is a U.S. federal law that regulates the production and distribution of veterinary biological products, such as vaccines and serums, to ensure their safety, purity, and effectiveness.
-
E.
Leqembi
Leqembi is an Alzheimer’s disease drug (lecanemab) that targets amyloid-beta plaques to slow cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
antitoxin
ⓘ
biological medicinal product ⓘ immunotherapy ⓘ serum therapy ⓘ |
| actsOn | circulating diphtheria toxin ⓘ |
| administeredBefore | or concurrently with antibiotics for optimal effect ⓘ |
| administeredBy | parenteral route ⓘ |
| administeredWith | antibiotics for diphtheria ⓘ |
| belongsTo | passive immunization agents ⓘ |
| classifiedAs | World Health Organization essential medicine ⓘ |
| contraindication | history of severe hypersensitivity to equine proteins ⓘ |
| developedFrom | horse serum ⓘ |
| doesNotReverse | tissue damage already caused by toxin ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance |
contributed to development of modern immunology
ⓘ
one of the earliest successful antitoxin therapies ⓘ |
| indicatedFor |
laboratory-confirmed diphtheria
ⓘ
suspected diphtheria with systemic toxicity ⓘ |
| mechanismOfAction |
passive immunization
ⓘ
toxin neutralization ⓘ |
| neutralizes | toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae ⓘ |
| notEffectiveAgainst |
bacterial colonization
ⓘ
bacterial transmission ⓘ |
| regimenDependsOn |
duration of symptoms
ⓘ
severity of disease ⓘ site of infection ⓘ |
| requires |
informed consent in many jurisdictions due to equine origin
ⓘ
sensitivity testing before administration in some patients ⓘ |
| risk |
anaphylaxis
ⓘ
serum sickness ⓘ |
| routeOfAdministration |
intramuscular
ⓘ
intravenous ⓘ |
| sourceOrganism | equine ⓘ |
| storageCondition | refrigerated ⓘ |
| targets | diphtheria toxin ⓘ |
| treats | diphtheria ⓘ |
| usedFor |
prevention of severe complications of diphtheria
ⓘ
treatment of diphtheria infection ⓘ |
| usedIn |
management of cutaneous diphtheria
ⓘ
management of respiratory diphtheria ⓘ outbreak control of diphtheria ⓘ post-exposure prophylaxis for diphtheria in some settings ⓘ |
| usedWithCautionIn |
elderly patients
ⓘ
patients with asthma ⓘ patients with cardiovascular disease ⓘ pregnant women when benefits outweigh risks ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: diphtheria antitoxin Description of subject: Diphtheria antitoxin is a serum-based immune therapy that neutralizes the toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, used to treat and prevent the severe complications of diphtheria infection.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.