Middle Horizon

E238908

The Middle Horizon was a major pre-Columbian archaeological period in the central Andes marked by the expansion and influence of powerful highland states such as Tiwanaku and Wari.

All labels observed (3)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (46)

Predicate Object
instanceOf archaeological period
pre-Columbian period
associatedWithCulture Tiwanaku culture
Wari culture
linked to: Wari Empire
characterizedBy expansion of highland states
long-distance interaction networks
state-level political organization
widespread iconographic styles
follows Early Intermediate Period
hasApproximateDuration about 400 years
hasArchaeologicalSignature distinctive ceramics
monumental architecture
planned urban centers
religious iconography
road networks
textile styles
hasCoreRegion Bolivian altiplano
linked to: Altiplano plateau

Peruvian highlands
south-central Andean highlands
hasEndTime circa 1000 CE
hasKeyPolity Tiwanaku state
linked to: Tiwanaku culture

Wari state
linked to: Wari Empire
hasLanguageFamilyContext Aymaran languages
Quechuan languages
hasLocation Andean highlands
linked to: Andean region

central Andes
linked to: Central Andes
hasStartTime circa 600 CE
hasTypeOfInteraction interregional exchange
political integration
religious diffusion
influencesRegion Bolivia
coastal Peru
northern Chile
northwest Argentina
southern Peru
linked to: Southern Peru
knownFor spread of Wari administrative centers
widespread Tiwanaku religious imagery
overlapsWith Middle Horizon Wari expansion
Tiwanaku IV–V phases
partOf Andean chronology
linked to: Andean archaeology
precedes Late Intermediate Period
precedesEvent rise of Late Intermediate regional polities
relatedConcept Horizons and Intermediate Periods model in Andean archaeology
studiedInDiscipline Andean archaeology
pre-Columbian studies
temporalPosition middle period of Andean prehistory

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (12)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Tiwanaku culture period Middle Horizon
Early Intermediate Period precedes Middle Horizon
San José de Moro archaeologicalPeriod Middle Horizon
Pikillaqta timePeriod Middle Horizon
Viracochapampa timePeriod Middle Horizon
Jincamocco locatedInTime Middle Horizon period
linked to: Middle Horizon
Middle Horizon 1–2 partOf Middle Horizon
Tiwanaku archaeological site flourishedDuring Middle Horizon period
linked to: Middle Horizon
Gateway of the Sun constructionPeriod Middle Horizon period
linked to: Middle Horizon
Late Intermediate Period follows Middle Horizon
Cerro Blanco (Moche Valley) culturalPeriod Middle Horizon (early phases)
linked to: Middle Horizon
Chancay culture timePeriod Middle Horizon