Frontier Crimes Regulations

E235924

The Frontier Crimes Regulations were a set of colonial-era laws imposed by the British in the tribal areas of present-day Pakistan, notorious for their collective punishment provisions and lack of basic legal rights and due process.

All labels observed (5)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (46)

Predicate Object
instanceOf colonial law ⓘ
criminal procedure law ⓘ
legal code ⓘ
appliedIn Federally Administered Tribal Areas ⓘ
North-West Frontier Province ⓘ
linked to: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

tribal areas of present-day Pakistan ⓘ
country British India ⓘ
criticizedFor denial of constitutional protections ⓘ
discrimination against tribal populations ⓘ
human rights violations ⓘ
enforcedBy political administration ⓘ
tribal jirgas under supervision of political agents ⓘ
grantsPowerTo assistant political agent ⓘ
political agent ⓘ
hasCharacteristic collective punishment ⓘ
curtailed fundamental rights ⓘ
detention without normal judicial safeguards ⓘ
extensive powers for political agents ⓘ
lack of due process ⓘ
limited right of appeal ⓘ
summary trials ⓘ
inspiredBy British colonial frontier policy ⓘ
jurisdiction civil disputes ⓘ
criminal matters ⓘ
legalBasisFor arrest and detention of relatives of suspects ⓘ
blockade of villages or areas ⓘ
collective fines on tribes or clans ⓘ
demolition of houses as punishment ⓘ
legalStatusAfter2018 abolished in Pakistan ⓘ
legalSystem special legal regime for tribal areas ⓘ
limitsRight access to regular courts ⓘ
right to appeal to higher judiciary ⓘ
right to legal representation ⓘ
notableProvision Section on collective responsibility of tribes ⓘ
limited review by FCR commissioner ⓘ
reformedBy Frontier Crimes (Amendment) Regulation 2011 ⓘ
regulates criminal justice in tribal areas ⓘ
dispute resolution in tribal areas ⓘ
repealedBy 25th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan ⓘ
merger of FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ⓘ
repealedIn 2018 ⓘ
replacedBy Constitution and regular laws of Pakistan in former FATA ⓘ
subjectOf criticism by international human rights organizations ⓘ
domestic legal challenges in Pakistan ⓘ
timePeriod late 19th century to 2018 in tribal areas ⓘ
usesMechanism jirga system ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (18)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Federally Administered Tribal Areas → governedUnder → Frontier Crimes Regulations ⓘ
Frontier Crimes Regulations → reformedBy → Frontier Crimes (Amendment) Regulation 2011 ⓘ
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations
Tribal Agencies of British India → legalFramework → Frontier Crimes Regulation ⓘ
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations
Bajaur Agency → legalSystem → Frontier Crimes Regulation ⓘ
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations
Frontier Regions → legalSystem → Frontier Crimes Regulation ⓘ
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations
Kurram Agency → legalFramework → Frontier Crimes Regulations ⓘ
North Waziristan Agency → legalSystem → Frontier Crimes Regulation ⓘ
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations
South Waziristan Agency → legalSystem → Frontier Crimes Regulation ⓘ
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations
FATA Agencies → governedUnder → Frontier Crimes Regulation ⓘ
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations
Safii Tehsil → previousLegalSystem → Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR) ⓘ
subject linked to: Safii tehsil
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations
Khasadar → legalBasis → Frontier Crimes Regulation ⓘ
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations
Frontier Region Peshawar → governedUnder → Frontier Crimes Regulation ⓘ
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations
Khasadar force → governedBy → Frontier Crimes Regulation ⓘ
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations
Frontier Region Kohat → legalSystem → Frontier Crimes Regulation ⓘ
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations
Frontier Region Bannu → legalSystem → Frontier Crimes Regulation ⓘ
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations
Frontier Region Lakki Marwat → hadLegalSystem → Frontier Crimes Regulation ⓘ
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations
Orakzai tribe → governedUnder → Frontier Crimes Regulation (historically) ⓘ
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations
FATA → legalFramework → Frontier Crimes Regulation ⓘ
linked to: Frontier Crimes Regulations