Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
E165278
Title VII case
United States Supreme Court case
employment discrimination case
sexual harassment case
Faragher v. City of Boca Raton is a 1998 U.S. Supreme Court case that clarified employer liability for workplace sexual harassment under Title VII, particularly when harassment is committed by supervisors.
All labels observed (5)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1440437 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Faragher v. City of Boca Raton Context triple: [Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, precedentFor, Faragher v. City of Boca Raton]
-
A.
Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah
Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah is a 1993 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down city ordinances targeting Santería animal sacrifice and clarified that laws burdening religious practice must be neutral and generally applicable under the Free Exercise Clause.
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B.
Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida is a 1996 U.S. Supreme Court case that significantly limited Congress’s power to subject non-consenting states to lawsuits in federal court, reinforcing state sovereign immunity.
-
C.
City of Boerne v. Flores
City of Boerne v. Flores is a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court case that curtailed Congress’s power under the Fourteenth Amendment and held that the Religious Freedom Restoration Act could not be applied to the states.
-
D.
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia is a 2021 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously ruled that Philadelphia violated a Catholic foster care agency’s religious freedom by excluding it from the foster program over its refusal to certify same-sex couples.
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E.
Gebhart v. Belton
Gebhart v. Belton was a landmark Delaware school segregation case whose rulings in favor of Black students became one of the four consolidated cases decided in Brown v. Board of Education, contributing to the Supreme Court’s rejection of “separate but equal” in public education.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Faragher v. City of Boca Raton Target entity description: Faragher v. City of Boca Raton is a 1998 U.S. Supreme Court case that clarified employer liability for workplace sexual harassment under Title VII, particularly when harassment is committed by supervisors.
-
A.
Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah
Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah is a 1993 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down city ordinances targeting Santería animal sacrifice and clarified that laws burdening religious practice must be neutral and generally applicable under the Free Exercise Clause.
-
B.
Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida is a 1996 U.S. Supreme Court case that significantly limited Congress’s power to subject non-consenting states to lawsuits in federal court, reinforcing state sovereign immunity.
-
C.
City of Boerne v. Flores
City of Boerne v. Flores is a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court case that curtailed Congress’s power under the Fourteenth Amendment and held that the Religious Freedom Restoration Act could not be applied to the states.
-
D.
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia is a 2021 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously ruled that Philadelphia violated a Catholic foster care agency’s religious freedom by excluding it from the foster program over its refusal to certify same-sex couples.
-
E.
Gebhart v. Belton
Gebhart v. Belton was a landmark Delaware school segregation case whose rulings in favor of Black students became one of the four consolidated cases decided in Brown v. Board of Education, contributing to the Supreme Court’s rejection of “separate but equal” in public education.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Title VII case
ⓘ
United States Supreme Court case ⓘ employment discrimination case ⓘ sexual harassment case ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
employers covered by Title VII
ⓘ
supervisor harassment without tangible employment action ⓘ |
| citation | 524 U.S. 775 ⓘ |
| clarified |
application of agency principles to Title VII harassment claims
ⓘ
standards for employer liability for supervisor harassment ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| createdDoctrine |
Faragher–Ellerth affirmative defense
ⓘ
linked to:
Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
|
| decisionDate | 1998-06-26 ⓘ |
| defendant |
City of Boca Raton
ⓘ
linked to:
City of Boca Raton, Florida
|
| dissentBy |
Anthony M. Kennedy
ⓘ
Antonin Scalia ⓘ Clarence Thomas ⓘ William H. Rehnquist ⓘ |
| docketNumber | 97-282 ⓘ |
| fullCaseName |
Beth Ann Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
ⓘ
linked to:
Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
|
| holding |
An employer is vicariously liable under Title VII for actionable discrimination caused by a supervisor with immediate or successively higher authority over the employee.
ⓘ
The affirmative defense requires the employer to show reasonable care to prevent and correct harassing behavior and that the employee unreasonably failed to take advantage of preventive or corrective opportunities. ⓘ When no tangible employment action is taken, an employer may raise an affirmative defense to liability or damages for supervisor harassment. ⓘ |
| impact | established nationwide standard for employer liability in supervisor harassment cases ⓘ |
| involvesConcept |
affirmative defense
ⓘ
hostile work environment harassment ⓘ tangible employment action ⓘ vicarious liability ⓘ |
| issue |
employer vicarious liability for supervisor sexual harassment
ⓘ
scope of employer liability under Title VII ⓘ |
| joinedMajority |
John Paul Stevens
ⓘ
Ruth Bader Ginsburg ⓘ Sandra Day O’Connor ⓘ Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | United States federal law ⓘ |
| languageOfOpinion | English ⓘ |
| legalArea |
anti-discrimination law
ⓘ
civil rights law ⓘ labor and employment law ⓘ |
| legalBasis | Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | David H. Souter ⓘ |
| plaintiff | Beth Ann Faragher ⓘ |
| relatedCase | Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth ⓘ |
| requiresForDefense |
employee’s unreasonable failure to use preventive or corrective procedures
ⓘ
employer exercise of reasonable care to correct harassing behavior ⓘ employer exercise of reasonable care to prevent harassment ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
hostile work environment
ⓘ
workplace sexual harassment ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Faragher v. City of Boca Raton Description of subject: Faragher v. City of Boca Raton is a 1998 U.S. Supreme Court case that clarified employer liability for workplace sexual harassment under Title VII, particularly when harassment is committed by supervisors.
Referenced by (10)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
linked to: Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
linked to: Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
subject linked to:
Title VII
subject linked to:
Beth Ann Faragher
linked to: Faragher v. City of Boca Raton