Protocol No. 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights
E157892
Council of Europe treaty
additional protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights
human rights treaty
Protocol No. 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional protocol that broadens the prohibition of discrimination by introducing a general, free-standing ban on discrimination in the enjoyment of any right set forth by law.
All labels observed (3)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1316489 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Protocol No. 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights Context triple: [European Convention on Human Rights, hasProtocol, Protocol No. 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights]
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A.
Protocol No. 11 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 11 to the European Convention on Human Rights is a major reform instrument that fundamentally restructured the European Court of Human Rights, creating a single, permanent court with compulsory jurisdiction and direct individual access.
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B.
Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional treaty that supplements the Convention by guaranteeing rights such as protection of property, the right to education, and the right to free elections.
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C.
Protocol No. 14 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 14 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an amending protocol that streamlined and strengthened the European Court of Human Rights’ procedures to handle its growing caseload more efficiently.
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D.
Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional treaty that strengthens individual rights in areas such as procedural safeguards in expulsion, the right to appeal in criminal matters, compensation for wrongful conviction, and equality between spouses.
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E.
Protocol No. 4 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 4 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional treaty that extends the Convention’s protections by prohibiting imprisonment for debt, safeguarding freedom of movement, and banning collective expulsion of aliens.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Protocol No. 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights Target entity description: Protocol No. 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional protocol that broadens the prohibition of discrimination by introducing a general, free-standing ban on discrimination in the enjoyment of any right set forth by law.
-
A.
Protocol No. 11 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 11 to the European Convention on Human Rights is a major reform instrument that fundamentally restructured the European Court of Human Rights, creating a single, permanent court with compulsory jurisdiction and direct individual access.
-
B.
Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional treaty that supplements the Convention by guaranteeing rights such as protection of property, the right to education, and the right to free elections.
-
C.
Protocol No. 14 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 14 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an amending protocol that streamlined and strengthened the European Court of Human Rights’ procedures to handle its growing caseload more efficiently.
-
D.
Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional treaty that strengthens individual rights in areas such as procedural safeguards in expulsion, the right to appeal in criminal matters, compensation for wrongful conviction, and equality between spouses.
-
E.
Protocol No. 4 to the European Convention on Human Rights
Protocol No. 4 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional treaty that extends the Convention’s protections by prohibiting imprisonment for debt, safeguarding freedom of movement, and banning collective expulsion of aliens.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (58)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Council of Europe treaty
ⓘ
additional protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights ⓘ human rights treaty ⓘ |
| adoptedBy | Council of Europe ⓘ |
| adoptedIn | Rome ⓘ |
| adoptionDate | 2000-11-04 ⓘ |
| aimsTo |
close gaps in protection left by Article 14 of the Convention
ⓘ
provide broader protection against discrimination ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
acts of public authorities
ⓘ
any right set forth by law in a state party ⓘ |
| article1Content | sets out a general prohibition of discrimination in the enjoyment of any right set forth by law ⓘ |
| article2Content | contains final clauses on signature, ratification, entry into force and denunciation ⓘ |
| articleCount | 2 ⓘ |
| authenticLanguages | English and French ⓘ |
| basedOn |
principle of equality before the law
ⓘ
principle of non-discrimination ⓘ |
| belongsToRegime | European human rights protection regime ⓘ |
| bindingOn | states that have ratified Protocol No. 12 ⓘ |
| broadens | scope of the prohibition of discrimination under the European Convention on Human Rights ⓘ |
| category | European human rights instrument ⓘ |
| citationForm | Protocol No. 12 ECHR ⓘ |
| containsArticle |
Article 1
ⓘ
Article 2 ⓘ |
| depository | Secretary General of the Council of Europe ⓘ |
| enforcementMechanism |
individual applications to the European Court of Human Rights
ⓘ
inter-state applications to the European Court of Human Rights ⓘ |
| enteredIntoForceOn | 2005-04-01 ⓘ |
| extends | Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights ⓘ |
| introduces | general free-standing ban on discrimination ⓘ |
| languageVersion |
English
ⓘ
French ⓘ |
| legalEffect | creates additional obligations for states beyond the core Convention ⓘ |
| legalNature | binding international treaty for ratifying states ⓘ |
| legalSystem | public international law ⓘ |
| monitoredBy | European Court of Human Rights ⓘ |
| openedForSignatureOn | 2000-11-04 ⓘ |
| openTo | member states of the Council of Europe ⓘ |
| partOf | European Convention on Human Rights system ⓘ |
| prohibits | discrimination in the enjoyment of any right set forth by law ⓘ |
| prohibitsDiscriminationOnGrounds |
association with a national minority
ⓘ
birth ⓘ colour ⓘ language ⓘ national or social origin ⓘ other status ⓘ political or other opinion ⓘ property ⓘ race ⓘ religion ⓘ sex ⓘ |
| region | Europe ⓘ |
| requires | signature and ratification by states ⓘ |
| scopeComparedToArticle14 |
applies to any right set forth by law, not only rights in the Convention
ⓘ
covers all actions of public authorities, not only enjoyment of Convention rights ⓘ |
| subjectMatter | prohibition of discrimination ⓘ |
| targetGroup | individuals within the jurisdiction of states parties ⓘ |
| treatyNumber | ETS No. 177 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Protocol No. 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights Description of subject: Protocol No. 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights is an additional protocol that broadens the prohibition of discrimination by introducing a general, free-standing ban on discrimination in the enjoyment of any right set forth by law.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
European Convention on Human Rights
→
hasProtocol
→
Protocol No. 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights
ⓘ
Protocol No. 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights
→
alsoKnownAs
→
Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
ⓘ
linked to: Protocol No. 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights
linked to: Protocol No. 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights
ETS No. 177
→
officialName
→
Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
ⓘ
linked to: Protocol No. 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights
linked to: Protocol No. 12 to the European Convention on Human Rights