’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles
E135691
magnetic monopole solution
non-abelian monopole
solution of classical field equations
theoretical particle
topological soliton
’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles are theoretical, finite-energy magnetic monopole solutions arising in certain non-abelian gauge theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopole | 2 |
| Bogomolny–Prasad–Sommerfield monopole | 1 |
| ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1184153 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles Context triple: [Monopole and Exotics Detector at the LHC, searchesFor, ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles]
-
A.
Weyl’s gauge theory
Weyl’s gauge theory is an early 20th-century theoretical framework that introduced the concept of local gauge invariance, laying foundational ideas for modern gauge theories in particle physics.
-
B.
Schwinger model
The Schwinger model is a two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics theory that serves as a exactly solvable toy model for studying phenomena like confinement, chiral symmetry breaking, and anomalies in quantum field theory.
-
C.
Salam–Weinberg model
The Salam–Weinberg model is the electroweak theory that unifies the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces within the Standard Model of particle physics.
-
D.
Bardeen black hole model
The Bardeen black hole model is a theoretical proposal of a regular (non-singular) black hole solution in general relativity that avoids the central singularity by coupling gravity to nonlinear electrodynamics.
-
E.
Affleck–Dine baryogenesis scenarios
Affleck–Dine baryogenesis scenarios are theoretical models in cosmology and particle physics that explain the universe’s matter–antimatter asymmetry via the dynamics of scalar fields carrying baryon number in the early universe.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles Target entity description: ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles are theoretical, finite-energy magnetic monopole solutions arising in certain non-abelian gauge theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking.
-
A.
Weyl’s gauge theory
Weyl’s gauge theory is an early 20th-century theoretical framework that introduced the concept of local gauge invariance, laying foundational ideas for modern gauge theories in particle physics.
-
B.
Schwinger model
The Schwinger model is a two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics theory that serves as a exactly solvable toy model for studying phenomena like confinement, chiral symmetry breaking, and anomalies in quantum field theory.
-
C.
Salam–Weinberg model
The Salam–Weinberg model is the electroweak theory that unifies the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces within the Standard Model of particle physics.
-
D.
Bardeen black hole model
The Bardeen black hole model is a theoretical proposal of a regular (non-singular) black hole solution in general relativity that avoids the central singularity by coupling gravity to nonlinear electrodynamics.
-
E.
Affleck–Dine baryogenesis scenarios
Affleck–Dine baryogenesis scenarios are theoretical models in cosmology and particle physics that explain the universe’s matter–antimatter asymmetry via the dynamics of scalar fields carrying baryon number in the early universe.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (51)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
magnetic monopole solution
ⓘ
non-abelian monopole ⓘ solution of classical field equations ⓘ theoretical particle ⓘ topological soliton ⓘ |
| ariseIn |
Georgi–Glashow model
ⓘ
linked to:
Georgi–Glashow SU(5) grand unified theory
SU(2) gauge theory with adjoint Higgs field ⓘ Yang–Mills–Higgs theories ⓘ
linked to:
Yang–Mills theory
gauge theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking ⓘ grand unified theories ⓘ non-abelian gauge theories ⓘ |
| asymptoticBehavior | reduce to Dirac monopole at large distances ⓘ |
| avoid | Dirac string singularity ⓘ |
| coreStructure |
Higgs field vanishes at the center
ⓘ
gauge field regular at the origin ⓘ |
| cosmologicalImplication | overproduction problem in some GUT cosmologies ⓘ |
| energySource |
gradient energy of Higgs field
ⓘ
non-abelian gauge field energy ⓘ |
| hasProperty |
classical solution
ⓘ
finite energy ⓘ magnetically charged ⓘ non-abelian gauge field configuration ⓘ non-singular core ⓘ spherically symmetric in simplest case ⓘ topologically stable ⓘ |
| haveTopologicalCharge | nontrivial element of π₂(G/H) ⓘ |
| magneticCharge | proportional to 4π/g ⓘ |
| magneticChargeQuantization | Dirac quantization condition ⓘ |
| massScale |
inversely proportional to gauge coupling
ⓘ
set by Higgs vacuum expectation value ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Alexander Polyakov
ⓘ
Gerard 't Hooft ⓘ
linked to:
Gerard ’t Hooft
|
| playRoleIn |
Montonen–Olive duality
ⓘ
electric–magnetic duality ⓘ |
| proposedBy |
Alexander Polyakov
ⓘ
Gerard 't Hooft ⓘ
linked to:
Gerard ’t Hooft
|
| relatedConcept |
BPS state
ⓘ
Bogomolny–Prasad–Sommerfield monopole ⓘ
linked to:
’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles
Dirac monopole ⓘ
linked to:
Dirac magnetic monopoles
cosmic monopole ⓘ magnetic charge ⓘ topological defect ⓘ |
| require | spontaneous symmetry breaking G → H with nontrivial π₂(G/H) ⓘ |
| satisfy |
Higgs field equations
ⓘ
classical Yang–Mills equations ⓘ
linked to:
Yang–Mills theory
|
| stabilityReason | topological obstruction to decay ⓘ |
| studiedIn |
classical field theory
ⓘ
quantum field theory ⓘ supersymmetric gauge theories ⓘ |
| topologicalChargeGroup | π₂(SU(2)/U(1)) ≅ ℤ ⓘ |
| yearProposed | 1974 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles Description of subject: ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles are theoretical, finite-energy magnetic monopole solutions arising in certain non-abelian gauge theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles
linked to: ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles
subject linked to:
’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles
linked to: ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles