Dorothy Hodgkin
E13449
Dorothy Hodgkin was a British chemist and Nobel laureate renowned for advancing X-ray crystallography and determining the structures of vital biomolecules such as penicillin, vitamin B12, and insulin.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Dorothy Hodgkin canonical | 18 |
| Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin | 6 |
| Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T58352 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dorothy Hodgkin Context triple: [Royal Society, notableMember, Dorothy Hodgkin]
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A.
Linus Pauling
Linus Pauling was an American chemist, peace activist, and two-time Nobel Prize laureate renowned for his pioneering work on the nature of the chemical bond and molecular biology.
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B.
John Polanyi
John Polanyi is a Canadian chemist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work in chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics.
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C.
Barbara McClintock
Barbara McClintock was an American cytogeneticist and Nobel laureate renowned for discovering "jumping genes" (transposable elements) in maize, fundamentally transforming genetics.
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D.
Harold Varmus
Harold Varmus is a Nobel Prize–winning American cancer researcher and former director of the National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Institute.
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E.
Frances Arnold
Frances Arnold is an American chemical engineer and Nobel laureate renowned for pioneering the directed evolution of enzymes, revolutionizing fields from green chemistry to biotechnology.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dorothy Hodgkin Target entity description: Dorothy Hodgkin was a British chemist and Nobel laureate renowned for advancing X-ray crystallography and determining the structures of vital biomolecules such as penicillin, vitamin B12, and insulin.
-
A.
Linus Pauling
Linus Pauling was an American chemist, peace activist, and two-time Nobel Prize laureate renowned for his pioneering work on the nature of the chemical bond and molecular biology.
-
B.
John Polanyi
John Polanyi is a Canadian chemist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work in chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics.
-
C.
Barbara McClintock
Barbara McClintock was an American cytogeneticist and Nobel laureate renowned for discovering "jumping genes" (transposable elements) in maize, fundamentally transforming genetics.
-
D.
Harold Varmus
Harold Varmus is a Nobel Prize–winning American cancer researcher and former director of the National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Institute.
-
E.
Frances Arnold
Frances Arnold is an American chemical engineer and Nobel laureate renowned for pioneering the directed evolution of enzymes, revolutionizing fields from green chemistry to biotechnology.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (51)
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Dorothy Hodgkin Description of subject: Dorothy Hodgkin was a British chemist and Nobel laureate renowned for advancing X-ray crystallography and determining the structures of vital biomolecules such as penicillin, vitamin B12, and insulin.
Referenced by (26)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Dorothy Hodgkin
linked to: Dorothy Hodgkin
subject linked to:
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (through its scientists)
linked to: Dorothy Hodgkin
linked to: Dorothy Hodgkin
linked to: Dorothy Hodgkin
subject linked to:
Toby Hodgkin
linked to: Dorothy Hodgkin
subject linked to:
Dorothy Mary Crowfoot
linked to: Dorothy Hodgkin