Bretton Woods system

E1144

The Bretton Woods system was a post–World War II international monetary order in which major currencies were pegged to the U.S. dollar, and the dollar was convertible to gold, creating a fixed exchange rate regime that lasted until the early 1970s.

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AI-generated illustration of Bretton Woods system

This AI-generated illustration was produced by black-forest-labs/FLUX.2-dev (1024x1024) from a prompt written by openai/gpt-oss-120b from the entity's label + description.

Prompt

Generate an image of the Bretton Woods system (The Bretton Woods system was a post–World War II international monetary order in which major currencies were pegged to the U.S. dollar, and the dollar was convertible to gold, creating a fixed exchange rate regime that lasted until the early 1970s.)

All labels observed (12)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (52)

Predicate Object
instanceOf fixed exchange rate regime ⓘ
international monetary system ⓘ
alsoKnownAs Bretton Woods monetary system ⓘ
appliesToJurisdiction International Monetary Fund member states ⓘ
Japan ⓘ
United Kingdom ⓘ
United States ⓘ
Western Europe ⓘ
basedOn U.S. dollar ⓘ
linked to: US dollar

gold convertibility of the U.S. dollar ⓘ
concludedAt Bretton Woods Conference ⓘ
countryOfEvent United States ⓘ
creator United States government ⓘ
dissolvedBecauseOf U.S. balance of payments deficits ⓘ
growing dollar overhang ⓘ
suspension of dollar–gold convertibility in 1971 ⓘ
endTime 1971 ⓘ
early 1970s ⓘ
exchangeRateAnchor U.S. dollar ⓘ
linked to: US dollar

gold ⓘ
feature IMF oversight of exchange rate adjustments ⓘ
U.S. dollar convertible into gold at a fixed price ⓘ
capital controls in many member countries ⓘ
par value system for exchange rates ⓘ
followedBy post–Bretton Woods floating exchange rate system ⓘ
goal avoid competitive devaluations ⓘ
facilitate balanced growth of international trade ⓘ
promote international monetary stability ⓘ
goldPrice 35 U.S. dollars per troy ounce of gold ⓘ
hasEffect created a fixed exchange rate regime ⓘ
facilitated postwar reconstruction and trade expansion ⓘ
limited exchange rate flexibility ⓘ
pegged major currencies to the U.S. dollar ⓘ
promoted exchange rate stability ⓘ
hasPart International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ⓘ
linked to: World Bank

International Monetary Fund ⓘ
World Bank ⓘ
inception 1944 ⓘ
influencedBy Harry Dexter White ⓘ
John Maynard Keynes ⓘ
legalForm international agreement ⓘ
monetaryPolicyRegime fixed but adjustable exchange rates ⓘ
namedAfter Bretton Woods, New Hampshire ⓘ
participant 44 Allied nations ⓘ
United Kingdom ⓘ
United States ⓘ
pointInTime July 1944 ⓘ
replaced interwar competitive devaluation regime ⓘ
interwar gold exchange standard practices ⓘ
significantEvent Nixon shock ⓘ
startTime 1944 ⓘ
post–World War II era ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (27)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

US dollar → historicalStandard → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Bretton Woods system → alsoKnownAs → Bretton Woods monetary system ⓘ
linked to: Bretton Woods system
Bretton Woods system → significantEvent → Nixon shock ⓘ
linked to: Bretton Woods system
Bretton Woods system → concludedAt → Bretton Woods Conference ⓘ
linked to: Bretton Woods system
World Bank → foundedAt → Bretton Woods Conference ⓘ
linked to: Bretton Woods system
John Maynard Keynes → participatedIn → Bretton Woods Conference ⓘ
linked to: Bretton Woods system
Gold Certificate → relatedTo → United States Gold Standard ⓘ
linked to: Bretton Woods system
International Clearing Union → negotiationContext → Bretton Woods negotiations ⓘ
linked to: Bretton Woods system
European Monetary System → precededBy → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Gold Reserve Act → relatedTo → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Nixon shock → monetarySystemAffected → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Nixon shock → predecessorSystem → Bretton Woods gold exchange standard ⓘ
linked to: Bretton Woods system
United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference → result → Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates ⓘ
linked to: Bretton Woods system
Pax Americana → economicOrder → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Sterling area → relatedTo → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
United States gold policy → hasHistoricalPhase → Bretton Woods gold–exchange standard era ⓘ
linked to: Bretton Woods system
Smithsonian Agreement → predecessor → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund → subjectOf → Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates ⓘ
linked to: Bretton Woods system
Torquay Round of GATT → relatedTo → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Michael D. Bordo → topicOfStudy → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Interim Committee → partOf → Bretton Woods institutional framework ⓘ
linked to: Bretton Woods system
sterling bloc → relatedTo → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
United States monetary system → historicalFeature → Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate system ⓘ
linked to: Bretton Woods system
Cold War Western bloc → economicInstrument → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Par Value Modification Act of 1972 → follows → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
liberal international order → economicDimension → Bretton Woods system ⓘ
Third Amendment of the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund → appliesWithinFramework → Bretton Woods system’s successor international monetary arrangements ⓘ
linked to: Bretton Woods system