ThreeBallot voting system
E113229
The ThreeBallot voting system is an end-to-end auditable voting scheme proposed by cryptographer Ronald L. Rivest that aims to provide voter verifiability and privacy without relying on complex cryptographic mechanisms.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| ThreeBallot voting system canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T963999 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ThreeBallot voting system Context triple: [Ronald L. Rivest, notableWork, ThreeBallot voting system]
-
A.
Essay on the Ballot
Essay on the Ballot is a political treatise by philosopher and economist James Mill that argues for the use of secret voting as a means to protect voters’ independence and promote representative government.
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B.
Single Transferable Vote
Single Transferable Vote is a proportional representation electoral system in which voters rank candidates by preference and seats are allocated by transferring votes according to these rankings.
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C.
Paxos
Paxos is a small Greek island in the Ionian Sea, known for its clear turquoise waters, olive groves, and tranquil, less-touristed atmosphere.
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D.
Paxos consensus algorithm
The Paxos consensus algorithm is a fault-tolerant protocol for achieving agreement among distributed systems, widely used as a foundation for reliable, replicated state machines and modern distributed databases.
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E.
Merkle puzzles
Merkle puzzles are an early cryptographic protocol that introduced the concept of public-key exchange by allowing two parties to establish a shared secret over an insecure channel using computationally asymmetric “puzzle” problems.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ThreeBallot voting system Target entity description: The ThreeBallot voting system is an end-to-end auditable voting scheme proposed by cryptographer Ronald L. Rivest that aims to provide voter verifiability and privacy without relying on complex cryptographic mechanisms.
-
A.
Essay on the Ballot
Essay on the Ballot is a political treatise by philosopher and economist James Mill that argues for the use of secret voting as a means to protect voters’ independence and promote representative government.
-
B.
Single Transferable Vote
Single Transferable Vote is a proportional representation electoral system in which voters rank candidates by preference and seats are allocated by transferring votes according to these rankings.
-
C.
Paxos
Paxos is a small Greek island in the Ionian Sea, known for its clear turquoise waters, olive groves, and tranquil, less-touristed atmosphere.
-
D.
Paxos consensus algorithm
The Paxos consensus algorithm is a fault-tolerant protocol for achieving agreement among distributed systems, widely used as a foundation for reliable, replicated state machines and modern distributed databases.
-
E.
Merkle puzzles
Merkle puzzles are an early cryptographic protocol that introduced the concept of public-key exchange by allowing two parties to establish a shared secret over an insecure channel using computationally asymmetric “puzzle” problems.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
end-to-end auditable voting scheme
ⓘ
paper-based voting scheme ⓘ voting system ⓘ |
| aimsToSolve |
dispute resolution in elections
ⓘ
independent recount capability ⓘ voter-verifiable paper trail without complex cryptography ⓘ |
| creatorAffiliation | Massachusetts Institute of Technology ⓘ |
| creatorOccupation | cryptographer ⓘ |
| critiquedFor |
complexity for voters
ⓘ
potential residual information leakage ⓘ usability concerns ⓘ |
| designer | Ronald L. Rivest ⓘ |
| designPrinciple |
avoidance of complex cryptographic mechanisms
ⓘ
use of multiple correlated ballots per voter ⓘ |
| field |
cryptography
ⓘ
election security ⓘ electronic voting ⓘ |
| goal |
ballot privacy
ⓘ
coercion resistance ⓘ end-to-end verifiability ⓘ receipt-freeness ⓘ voter verifiability ⓘ |
| hasVariant |
Twin voting system
ⓘ
VAV voting system ⓘ |
| influenced | subsequent research on low-crypto voting schemes ⓘ |
| influencedBy | paper-based auditing methods ⓘ |
| introducedIn | 2006 ⓘ |
| property |
allows each voter to retain a copy of one ballot
ⓘ
any voter can verify inclusion of their ballot copy in the tally ⓘ does not require homomorphic encryption ⓘ does not require mix-nets ⓘ does not require public-key cryptography ⓘ end-to-end auditable tally ⓘ paper-based audit trail ⓘ public posting of anonymized ballot copies ⓘ |
| proposedBy | Ronald L. Rivest ⓘ |
| publishedIn | USENIX/ACCURATE Electronic Voting Technology Workshop ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Prêt à Voter
ⓘ
Punchscan ⓘ Scantegrity ⓘ end-to-end verifiable voting ⓘ |
| securityProperty |
individual verifiability
ⓘ
privacy of voter choice ⓘ resistance to vote selling ⓘ universal verifiability ⓘ |
| uses | three ballots per voter ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: ThreeBallot voting system Description of subject: The ThreeBallot voting system is an end-to-end auditable voting scheme proposed by cryptographer Ronald L. Rivest that aims to provide voter verifiability and privacy without relying on complex cryptographic mechanisms.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.