Triple

T9651686
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Liudolf, Duke of Swabia E233348 entity
Predicate participantIn P149 FINISHED
Object Italian campaign of 951
The Italian campaign of 951 was a military expedition led by German King Otto I into northern Italy, aimed at asserting control over the region and influencing the succession to the Italian throne.
E811919 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Italian campaign of 951 | Statement: [Liudolf, Duke of Swabia, participantIn, Italian campaign of 951]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Italian campaign of 951
Context triple: [Liudolf, Duke of Swabia, participantIn, Italian campaign of 951]
  • A. Italian campaign of the Nine Years' War
    The Italian campaign of the Nine Years' War was the series of military operations fought mainly between France and the forces of the Grand Alliance for control and influence in northern Italy during the wider European conflict of 1688–1697.
  • B. Italian campaigns of Frederick I Barbarossa
    The Italian campaigns of Frederick I Barbarossa were a series of 12th-century military expeditions by the Holy Roman Emperor to assert imperial authority over the Italian peninsula and its powerful communes, notably clashing with the Lombard League and the papacy.
  • C. Siege of Pavia
    The Siege of Pavia was the decisive 8th-century military engagement in which Charlemagne’s Frankish forces captured the Lombard capital, effectively ending the Lombard Kingdom in Italy.
  • D. Battle of Benevento
    The Battle of Benevento (1266) was a decisive clash in southern Italy where Charles I of Anjou defeated and killed Manfred of Sicily, ending Hohenstaufen rule and reshaping the political landscape of the Italian peninsula.
  • E. invasion of Italy (1494–1495)
    The invasion of Italy (1494–1495) was the campaign in which French king Charles VIII led his army into the Italian Peninsula, briefly seizing Naples and triggering the prolonged Italian Wars among Europe’s major powers.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Italian campaign of 951
Triple: [Liudolf, Duke of Swabia, participantIn, Italian campaign of 951]
Generated description
The Italian campaign of 951 was a military expedition led by German King Otto I into northern Italy, aimed at asserting control over the region and influencing the succession to the Italian throne.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Italian campaign of 951
Target entity description: The Italian campaign of 951 was a military expedition led by German King Otto I into northern Italy, aimed at asserting control over the region and influencing the succession to the Italian throne.
  • A. Italian campaign of the Nine Years' War
    The Italian campaign of the Nine Years' War was the series of military operations fought mainly between France and the forces of the Grand Alliance for control and influence in northern Italy during the wider European conflict of 1688–1697.
  • B. Italian campaigns of Frederick I Barbarossa
    The Italian campaigns of Frederick I Barbarossa were a series of 12th-century military expeditions by the Holy Roman Emperor to assert imperial authority over the Italian peninsula and its powerful communes, notably clashing with the Lombard League and the papacy.
  • C. Siege of Pavia
    The Siege of Pavia was the decisive 8th-century military engagement in which Charlemagne’s Frankish forces captured the Lombard capital, effectively ending the Lombard Kingdom in Italy.
  • D. Battle of Benevento
    The Battle of Benevento (1266) was a decisive clash in southern Italy where Charles I of Anjou defeated and killed Manfred of Sicily, ending Hohenstaufen rule and reshaping the political landscape of the Italian peninsula.
  • E. invasion of Italy (1494–1495)
    The invasion of Italy (1494–1495) was the campaign in which French king Charles VIII led his army into the Italian Peninsula, briefly seizing Naples and triggering the prolonged Italian Wars among Europe’s major powers.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ca848b31648190b57aa55da20285be completed March 30, 2026, 2:11 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69cd9bb0cce88190b7eacc8b43450d7f completed April 1, 2026, 10:26 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d1826c91388190b82112c2ca1eae7e completed April 4, 2026, 9:28 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69d1836d683081908bccf970e4b0980b completed April 4, 2026, 9:32 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69d18412c4a08190bce431235e1102fc completed April 4, 2026, 9:35 p.m.
Created at: March 30, 2026, 8:13 p.m.