Triple

T9297099
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity E223664 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Betti numbers
Betti numbers are topological invariants that count the number of independent cycles or holes in each dimension of a topological space, reflecting its underlying shape and structure.
E790522 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Betti numbers | Statement: [Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity, relatedTo, Betti numbers]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Betti numbers
Context triple: [Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity, relatedTo, Betti numbers]
  • A. Poincaré duality
    Poincaré duality is a fundamental theorem in algebraic topology that relates the homology and cohomology groups of an oriented closed manifold in complementary dimensions.
  • B. Milnor number
    The Milnor number is an invariant in singularity theory that measures the complexity of an isolated critical point of a complex hypersurface or function.
  • C. Lusternik–Schnirelmann category
    The Lusternik–Schnirelmann category is a numerical homotopy invariant of a topological space that measures the minimal number of contractible open sets needed to cover it, playing a key role in critical point theory and algebraic topology.
  • D. Alexander–Spanier cohomology
    Alexander–Spanier cohomology is a cohomology theory in algebraic topology defined using cochains on all finite subsets of a space, notable for its generality and close relationship to Čech and singular cohomology.
  • E. Pontryagin classes
    Pontryagin classes are characteristic classes associated with real vector bundles that capture topological information about the bundle’s curvature and play a central role in differential topology and geometry.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Betti numbers
Triple: [Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity, relatedTo, Betti numbers]
Generated description
Betti numbers are topological invariants that count the number of independent cycles or holes in each dimension of a topological space, reflecting its underlying shape and structure.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Betti numbers
Target entity description: Betti numbers are topological invariants that count the number of independent cycles or holes in each dimension of a topological space, reflecting its underlying shape and structure.
  • A. Poincaré duality
    Poincaré duality is a fundamental theorem in algebraic topology that relates the homology and cohomology groups of an oriented closed manifold in complementary dimensions.
  • B. Milnor number
    The Milnor number is an invariant in singularity theory that measures the complexity of an isolated critical point of a complex hypersurface or function.
  • C. Lusternik–Schnirelmann category
    The Lusternik–Schnirelmann category is a numerical homotopy invariant of a topological space that measures the minimal number of contractible open sets needed to cover it, playing a key role in critical point theory and algebraic topology.
  • D. Alexander–Spanier cohomology
    Alexander–Spanier cohomology is a cohomology theory in algebraic topology defined using cochains on all finite subsets of a space, notable for its generality and close relationship to Čech and singular cohomology.
  • E. Pontryagin classes
    Pontryagin classes are characteristic classes associated with real vector bundles that capture topological information about the bundle’s curvature and play a central role in differential topology and geometry.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ca8423edb08190bc0c91287a484768 completed March 30, 2026, 2:09 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69cd089e3ae88190aa4181cdd85a67b8 completed April 1, 2026, 11:59 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d0b251c4148190a94fafdc23a601d6 completed April 4, 2026, 6:40 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69d0b65ea4548190b445563ac695b008 completed April 4, 2026, 6:57 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69d0b6f504a48190878db828312e8a97 completed April 4, 2026, 7 a.m.
Created at: March 30, 2026, 7:36 p.m.