Triple
T9277327
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Ezra Newman |
E222981
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Newman–Penrose formalism
The Newman–Penrose formalism is a mathematical framework in general relativity that uses null tetrads and spin coefficients to simplify the analysis of spacetime geometry and gravitational radiation.
|
E788871
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Newman–Penrose formalism | Statement: [Ezra Newman, notableWork, Newman–Penrose formalism]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Newman–Penrose formalism Context triple: [Ezra Newman, notableWork, Newman–Penrose formalism]
-
A.
Kerr–Schild coordinates
Kerr–Schild coordinates are a coordinate system used to express the Kerr spacetime metric in a form that highlights its structure as a perturbation of flat Minkowski space along a principal null direction.
-
B.
Kerr metric
The Kerr metric is the exact general relativity solution describing the spacetime geometry around a rotating, uncharged black hole.
-
C.
Reissner–Nordström metric
The Reissner–Nordström metric is an exact solution in general relativity describing the spacetime geometry outside a static, spherically symmetric, electrically charged black hole.
-
D.
Einstein–Maxwell equations
The Einstein–Maxwell equations are the coupled set of field equations in general relativity that describe how spacetime curvature and electromagnetic fields interact and influence each other.
-
E.
Painlevé–Gullstrand coordinates
Painlevé–Gullstrand coordinates are a coordinate system for the Schwarzschild black hole that is regular at the event horizon and represents spacetime as seen by freely falling observers.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Newman–Penrose formalism Triple: [Ezra Newman, notableWork, Newman–Penrose formalism]
Generated description
The Newman–Penrose formalism is a mathematical framework in general relativity that uses null tetrads and spin coefficients to simplify the analysis of spacetime geometry and gravitational radiation.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Newman–Penrose formalism Target entity description: The Newman–Penrose formalism is a mathematical framework in general relativity that uses null tetrads and spin coefficients to simplify the analysis of spacetime geometry and gravitational radiation.
-
A.
Kerr–Schild coordinates
Kerr–Schild coordinates are a coordinate system used to express the Kerr spacetime metric in a form that highlights its structure as a perturbation of flat Minkowski space along a principal null direction.
-
B.
Kerr metric
The Kerr metric is the exact general relativity solution describing the spacetime geometry around a rotating, uncharged black hole.
-
C.
Reissner–Nordström metric
The Reissner–Nordström metric is an exact solution in general relativity describing the spacetime geometry outside a static, spherically symmetric, electrically charged black hole.
-
D.
Einstein–Maxwell equations
The Einstein–Maxwell equations are the coupled set of field equations in general relativity that describe how spacetime curvature and electromagnetic fields interact and influence each other.
-
E.
Painlevé–Gullstrand coordinates
Painlevé–Gullstrand coordinates are a coordinate system for the Schwarzschild black hole that is regular at the event horizon and represents spacetime as seen by freely falling observers.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ca842123588190b3f2e1a69037d141 |
completed | March 30, 2026, 2:09 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69cd07c95a98819098528b7ada37ddc1 |
completed | April 1, 2026, 11:55 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69d09c467a2881909a4c4aafdc2490f0 |
completed | April 4, 2026, 5:06 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69d09d6cc45c8190b6cb44212ccfcbc8 |
completed | April 4, 2026, 5:11 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69d09e2450048190b5aa31507e54d6c8 |
completed | April 4, 2026, 5:14 a.m. |
Created at: March 30, 2026, 7:34 p.m.