Triple
T9269997
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | ETCS Level 2 |
E222799
|
entity |
| Predicate | governedBy |
P46
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
ERTMS specifications
ERTMS specifications are the standardized European railway signaling and control requirements that define how systems like ETCS operate to ensure interoperable, safe, and efficient train operations across national networks.
|
E222798
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: ERTMS specifications | Statement: [ETCS Level 2, governedBy, ERTMS specifications]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ERTMS specifications Context triple: [ETCS Level 2, governedBy, ERTMS specifications]
-
A.
European Train Control System
The European Train Control System (ETCS) is a standardized, interoperable train signaling and control system used across Europe and in high-speed railways worldwide to enhance safety and efficiency.
-
B.
ETCS Level 2
ETCS Level 2 is an advanced European train control and signalling standard that enables continuous, cab-based train supervision and high-speed, high-capacity railway operations.
-
C.
New Technology Train standards
New Technology Train standards are a set of modern design, performance, and safety specifications developed for New York City Subway rolling stock to improve reliability, efficiency, and passenger experience.
-
D.
Automatic Train Control
Automatic Train Control is a railway safety and control system that automates train operations such as speed regulation and braking to prevent collisions and ensure safe, efficient train movement.
-
E.
Siemens Trainguard MT
Siemens Trainguard MT is a communications-based train control (CBTC) signaling system developed by Siemens for fully automated and driverless metro and urban rail operations.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: ERTMS specifications Triple: [ETCS Level 2, governedBy, ERTMS specifications]
Generated description
ERTMS specifications are the standardized European railway signaling and control requirements that define how systems like ETCS operate to ensure interoperable, safe, and efficient train operations across national networks.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ERTMS specifications Target entity description: ERTMS specifications are the standardized European railway signaling and control requirements that define how systems like ETCS operate to ensure interoperable, safe, and efficient train operations across national networks.
-
A.
European Train Control System
chosen
The European Train Control System (ETCS) is a standardized, interoperable train signaling and control system used across Europe and in high-speed railways worldwide to enhance safety and efficiency.
-
B.
ETCS Level 2
ETCS Level 2 is an advanced European train control and signalling standard that enables continuous, cab-based train supervision and high-speed, high-capacity railway operations.
-
C.
New Technology Train standards
New Technology Train standards are a set of modern design, performance, and safety specifications developed for New York City Subway rolling stock to improve reliability, efficiency, and passenger experience.
-
D.
Automatic Train Control
Automatic Train Control is a railway safety and control system that automates train operations such as speed regulation and braking to prevent collisions and ensure safe, efficient train movement.
-
E.
Siemens Trainguard MT
Siemens Trainguard MT is a communications-based train control (CBTC) signaling system developed by Siemens for fully automated and driverless metro and urban rail operations.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ca841ffe208190aa7bcffbef2f8379 |
completed | March 30, 2026, 2:09 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69cd078525308190abfb883123742d3f |
completed | April 1, 2026, 11:54 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69d0b1ecfadc81909adf95fbbc77c389 |
completed | April 4, 2026, 6:38 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69d0b3f4bb6c819082d3f801ad88304f |
completed | April 4, 2026, 6:47 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69d0b4b8131c8190b2aa8be56925b7bc |
completed | April 4, 2026, 6:50 a.m. |
Created at: March 30, 2026, 7:33 p.m.