Triple

T23332816
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject X-ray Diffraction (book) E591491 entity
Predicate topic P261 FINISHED
Object Fourier methods in crystallography
Fourier methods in crystallography are mathematical techniques that use Fourier transforms to interpret X-ray diffraction data and reconstruct the three-dimensional electron density and atomic structure of crystals.
E1579690 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Fourier methods in crystallography | Statement: [X-ray Diffraction (book), topic, Fourier methods in crystallography]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fourier methods in crystallography
Context triple: [X-ray Diffraction (book), topic, Fourier methods in crystallography]
  • A. International Tables for Crystallography
    International Tables for Crystallography is a comprehensive, authoritative multi-volume reference work that provides standardized data, symmetry information, and methodologies essential for crystallographic research and practice.
  • B. Neumann’s principle in crystallography
    Neumann’s principle in crystallography is a fundamental rule stating that the symmetry elements of any physical property of a crystal must include the symmetry elements of the crystal’s point group.
  • C. X-ray Diffraction (book)
    "X-ray Diffraction" is a classic textbook by B. E. Warren that provides a foundational treatment of the theory and applications of X-ray diffraction in crystallography and materials science.
  • D. X-rays and Crystal Structure
    "X-rays and Crystal Structure" is a foundational scientific work by Lawrence Bragg that explains how X-ray diffraction can be used to determine the atomic structure of crystals.
  • E. Studies in the structure of molecules by the diffraction of X-rays and of electrons
    "Studies in the structure of molecules by the diffraction of X-rays and of electrons" is the doctoral thesis of chemist William N. Lipscomb Jr., in which he used X-ray and electron diffraction techniques to investigate and elucidate molecular structures.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Fourier methods in crystallography
Triple: [X-ray Diffraction (book), topic, Fourier methods in crystallography]
Generated description
Fourier methods in crystallography are mathematical techniques that use Fourier transforms to interpret X-ray diffraction data and reconstruct the three-dimensional electron density and atomic structure of crystals.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fourier methods in crystallography
Target entity description: Fourier methods in crystallography are mathematical techniques that use Fourier transforms to interpret X-ray diffraction data and reconstruct the three-dimensional electron density and atomic structure of crystals.
  • A. International Tables for Crystallography
    International Tables for Crystallography is a comprehensive, authoritative multi-volume reference work that provides standardized data, symmetry information, and methodologies essential for crystallographic research and practice.
  • B. Neumann’s principle in crystallography
    Neumann’s principle in crystallography is a fundamental rule stating that the symmetry elements of any physical property of a crystal must include the symmetry elements of the crystal’s point group.
  • C. X-ray Diffraction (book)
    "X-ray Diffraction" is a classic textbook by B. E. Warren that provides a foundational treatment of the theory and applications of X-ray diffraction in crystallography and materials science.
  • D. X-rays and Crystal Structure
    "X-rays and Crystal Structure" is a foundational scientific work by Lawrence Bragg that explains how X-ray diffraction can be used to determine the atomic structure of crystals.
  • E. Studies in the structure of molecules by the diffraction of X-rays and of electrons
    "Studies in the structure of molecules by the diffraction of X-rays and of electrons" is the doctoral thesis of chemist William N. Lipscomb Jr., in which he used X-ray and electron diffraction techniques to investigate and elucidate molecular structures.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e25d20156c81908c5c53195bd9c738 completed April 17, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69f197eecc5c81908089eb43bc701196 completed April 29, 2026, 5:32 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a0c4cb082f881909256738232b060b9 completed May 19, 2026, 11:42 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a0c4e669b6481909f198d1c51b68bf3 completed May 19, 2026, 11:49 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a0c4f011a188190b801f2ae0f134356 completed May 19, 2026, 11:52 a.m.
Created at: April 17, 2026, 5:15 p.m.