Triple

T23075450
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject George Sarton E575317 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Introduction to the History of Science
Introduction to the History of Science is George Sarton's multi-volume foundational survey tracing the development of scientific thought and practice from antiquity through the Middle Ages.
 E1569167 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Introduction to the History of Science | Statement: [George Sarton, notableWork, Introduction to the History of Science]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Introduction to the History of Science
Context triple: [George Sarton, notableWork, Introduction to the History of Science]
  • A. Science in History, Volume 1
    Science in History, Volume 1 is the first book in J. D. Bernal’s influential multi-volume work examining the development of science within its broader social and historical contexts.
  • B. Science in History, Volume 2
    Science in History, Volume 2 is a volume in J. D. Bernal’s influential multi-part work examining the development and social impact of science throughout human history.
  • C. The Origins of Modern Science, 1300–1800
    The Origins of Modern Science, 1300–1800 is a landmark historical study that analyzes the development of scientific thought and practice in Europe from the late Middle Ages through the Scientific Revolution.
  • D. Science in History, Volume 3
    Science in History, Volume 3 is a scholarly volume in J. D. Bernal’s multi-part work that examines the development and social impact of science during a specific historical period.
  • E. Science in History, Volume 4
    Science in History, Volume 4 is the concluding volume of J. D. Bernal’s influential multi-part work examining the development and social impact of science throughout human history.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Introduction to the History of Science
Triple: [George Sarton, notableWork, Introduction to the History of Science]
Generated description
Introduction to the History of Science is George Sarton's multi-volume foundational survey tracing the development of scientific thought and practice from antiquity through the Middle Ages.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Introduction to the History of Science
Target entity description: Introduction to the History of Science is George Sarton's multi-volume foundational survey tracing the development of scientific thought and practice from antiquity through the Middle Ages.
  • A. Science in History, Volume 1
    Science in History, Volume 1 is the first book in J. D. Bernal’s influential multi-volume work examining the development of science within its broader social and historical contexts.
  • B. Science in History, Volume 2
    Science in History, Volume 2 is a volume in J. D. Bernal’s influential multi-part work examining the development and social impact of science throughout human history.
  • C. The Origins of Modern Science, 1300–1800
    The Origins of Modern Science, 1300–1800 is a landmark historical study that analyzes the development of scientific thought and practice in Europe from the late Middle Ages through the Scientific Revolution.
  • D. Science in History, Volume 3
    Science in History, Volume 3 is a scholarly volume in J. D. Bernal’s multi-part work that examines the development and social impact of science during a specific historical period.
  • E. Science in History, Volume 4
    Science in History, Volume 4 is the concluding volume of J. D. Bernal’s influential multi-part work examining the development and social impact of science throughout human history.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e245be28d48190ad1348d5a73db37d completed April 17, 2026, 2:37 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69f18c62c200819099c92654493288ad completed April 29, 2026, 4:43 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a0c15aaf74881909d2cd5f3d730f1b4 completed May 19, 2026, 7:47 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a0c15f186208190889e0766ddf03343 completed May 19, 2026, 7:49 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a0c165b716c8190b1c1e1683fe897db completed May 19, 2026, 7:50 a.m.
Created at: April 17, 2026, 3:56 p.m.