Triple

T22842432
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Montonen–Olive duality E566116 entity
Predicate relatesConcept P463 FINISHED
Object S-duality
S-duality is a fundamental symmetry in quantum field theory and string theory that relates strongly coupled regimes of a theory to weakly coupled ones, often exchanging electric and magnetic degrees of freedom.
E566116 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: S-duality | Statement: [Montonen–Olive duality, relatesConcept, S-duality]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: S-duality
Context triple: [Montonen–Olive duality, relatesConcept, S-duality]
  • A. T-duality
    T-duality is a fundamental symmetry in string theory that relates physically equivalent descriptions of strings propagating on compact spaces of different radii, often exchanging winding and momentum modes.
  • B. Montonen–Olive duality
    Montonen–Olive duality is a conjectured symmetry in certain gauge theories, especially N=4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills, that exchanges electrically charged particles with magnetic monopoles and relates strong coupling to weak coupling.
  • C. Seiberg–Witten theory
    Seiberg–Witten theory is a framework in quantum field theory and string theory that uses supersymmetry to exactly analyze strongly coupled gauge theories, leading to profound insights into dualities and four-dimensional topology.
  • D. Seiberg–Witten curve
    The Seiberg–Witten curve is an auxiliary complex algebraic curve encoding the low-energy effective dynamics of certain supersymmetric gauge theories, particularly their moduli spaces and BPS spectra.
  • E. F-theory
    F-theory is a framework in string theory that uses a twelve-dimensional geometric description to study non-perturbative aspects of type IIB string theory and construct realistic models of particle physics.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: S-duality
Triple: [Montonen–Olive duality, relatesConcept, S-duality]
Generated description
S-duality is a fundamental symmetry in quantum field theory and string theory that relates strongly coupled regimes of a theory to weakly coupled ones, often exchanging electric and magnetic degrees of freedom.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: S-duality
Target entity description: S-duality is a fundamental symmetry in quantum field theory and string theory that relates strongly coupled regimes of a theory to weakly coupled ones, often exchanging electric and magnetic degrees of freedom.
  • A. T-duality
    T-duality is a fundamental symmetry in string theory that relates physically equivalent descriptions of strings propagating on compact spaces of different radii, often exchanging winding and momentum modes.
  • B. Montonen–Olive duality chosen
    Montonen–Olive duality is a conjectured symmetry in certain gauge theories, especially N=4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills, that exchanges electrically charged particles with magnetic monopoles and relates strong coupling to weak coupling.
  • C. Seiberg–Witten theory
    Seiberg–Witten theory is a framework in quantum field theory and string theory that uses supersymmetry to exactly analyze strongly coupled gauge theories, leading to profound insights into dualities and four-dimensional topology.
  • D. Seiberg–Witten curve
    The Seiberg–Witten curve is an auxiliary complex algebraic curve encoding the low-energy effective dynamics of certain supersymmetric gauge theories, particularly their moduli spaces and BPS spectra.
  • E. F-theory
    F-theory is a framework in string theory that uses a twelve-dimensional geometric description to study non-perturbative aspects of type IIB string theory and construct realistic models of particle physics.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e245869e188190a196584f36e682da completed April 17, 2026, 2:36 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69f17e855abc8190b9cf8cc515090a7f completed April 29, 2026, 3:44 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a0ba7b750a08190904c11a33ea19cce completed May 18, 2026, 11:58 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a0ba84676f8819099e4ad46797387d9 completed May 19, 2026, 12:01 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a0ba8fa53a88190a0029d884308ffd6 completed May 19, 2026, 12:04 a.m.
Created at: April 17, 2026, 3:36 p.m.