Triple

T22557195
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Linde process E557718 entity
Predicate uses P98 FINISHED
Object Joule–Thomson effect
The Joule–Thomson effect is a thermodynamic phenomenon in which a real gas changes temperature during expansion at constant enthalpy, a principle crucial to gas liquefaction and refrigeration processes.
E1543402 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Joule–Thomson effect | Statement: [Linde process, uses, Joule–Thomson effect]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Joule–Thomson effect
Context triple: [Linde process, uses, Joule–Thomson effect]
  • A. Clausius–Clapeyron relation
    The Clausius–Clapeyron relation is a fundamental thermodynamic equation that describes how the pressure and temperature of a phase transition, such as boiling or condensation, are related.
  • B. Trouton’s rule
    Trouton’s rule is an empirical thermodynamic relationship stating that many non-associated liquids have nearly constant molar entropy of vaporization at their normal boiling points.
  • C. Szilard–Chalmers effect
    The Szilard–Chalmers effect is a nuclear chemistry phenomenon in which atoms that undergo neutron capture and become radioactive are chemically separated from their original, non-activated atoms due to recoil-induced disruption of their chemical bonds.
  • D. Krafft point
    The Krafft point is the characteristic temperature above which ionic surfactants become sufficiently soluble in water to form micelles, marking a sharp change in their solution behavior.
  • E. Studies on the expansion of gases
    "Studies on the Expansion of Gases" is a foundational 19th-century scientific work by Gustav Magnus that significantly advanced the understanding of gas behavior and thermodynamics.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Joule–Thomson effect
Triple: [Linde process, uses, Joule–Thomson effect]
Generated description
The Joule–Thomson effect is a thermodynamic phenomenon in which a real gas changes temperature during expansion at constant enthalpy, a principle crucial to gas liquefaction and refrigeration processes.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Joule–Thomson effect
Target entity description: The Joule–Thomson effect is a thermodynamic phenomenon in which a real gas changes temperature during expansion at constant enthalpy, a principle crucial to gas liquefaction and refrigeration processes.
  • A. Clausius–Clapeyron relation
    The Clausius–Clapeyron relation is a fundamental thermodynamic equation that describes how the pressure and temperature of a phase transition, such as boiling or condensation, are related.
  • B. Trouton’s rule
    Trouton’s rule is an empirical thermodynamic relationship stating that many non-associated liquids have nearly constant molar entropy of vaporization at their normal boiling points.
  • C. Szilard–Chalmers effect
    The Szilard–Chalmers effect is a nuclear chemistry phenomenon in which atoms that undergo neutron capture and become radioactive are chemically separated from their original, non-activated atoms due to recoil-induced disruption of their chemical bonds.
  • D. Krafft point
    The Krafft point is the characteristic temperature above which ionic surfactants become sufficiently soluble in water to form micelles, marking a sharp change in their solution behavior.
  • E. Studies on the expansion of gases
    "Studies on the Expansion of Gases" is a foundational 19th-century scientific work by Gustav Magnus that significantly advanced the understanding of gas behavior and thermodynamics.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e11e59db848190b4272ecd2b690ffd completed April 16, 2026, 5:37 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69f15f7b06e08190b3ca82a783965942 completed April 29, 2026, 1:31 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a0b2d6700548190aa5be562944ee8fd completed May 18, 2026, 3:16 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a0b364718308190937c3b7ae90ea9df completed May 18, 2026, 3:54 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a0b37a1ecc08190ac89e862582833a0 completed May 18, 2026, 4 p.m.
Created at: April 16, 2026, 8:52 p.m.