Triple
T22288717
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Martin A. Nowak |
E550932
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology
"Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology" is a foundational scientific monograph that develops and applies mathematical models to understand the interactions between viruses, the immune system, and host populations.
|
E1527916
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology | Statement: [Martin A. Nowak, notableWork, Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology Context triple: [Martin A. Nowak, notableWork, Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology]
-
A.
Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control
Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control is a seminal book that applies mathematical modeling to understand and predict the spread and control of infectious diseases in human populations.
-
B.
Principles of Virology
Principles of Virology is a foundational textbook that systematically explains the molecular biology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of viruses and viral diseases.
-
C.
Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease
Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease is a widely used, authoritative textbook that provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and functions of the immune system in both normal physiology and disease.
-
D.
How Contagion Works
How Contagion Works is a short nonfiction book by Italian writer Paolo Giordano that reflects on the COVID-19 pandemic and explores how contagion shapes societies, behaviors, and interconnected global systems.
-
E.
The Mathematics of Life
The Mathematics of Life is a popular science book by mathematician Ian Stewart that explores how mathematical ideas illuminate the principles and patterns underlying biological systems and evolution.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology Triple: [Martin A. Nowak, notableWork, Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology]
Generated description
"Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology" is a foundational scientific monograph that develops and applies mathematical models to understand the interactions between viruses, the immune system, and host populations.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology Target entity description: "Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology" is a foundational scientific monograph that develops and applies mathematical models to understand the interactions between viruses, the immune system, and host populations.
-
A.
Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control
Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control is a seminal book that applies mathematical modeling to understand and predict the spread and control of infectious diseases in human populations.
-
B.
Principles of Virology
Principles of Virology is a foundational textbook that systematically explains the molecular biology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of viruses and viral diseases.
-
C.
Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease
Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease is a widely used, authoritative textbook that provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and functions of the immune system in both normal physiology and disease.
-
D.
How Contagion Works
How Contagion Works is a short nonfiction book by Italian writer Paolo Giordano that reflects on the COVID-19 pandemic and explores how contagion shapes societies, behaviors, and interconnected global systems.
-
E.
The Mathematics of Life
The Mathematics of Life is a popular science book by mathematician Ian Stewart that explores how mathematical ideas illuminate the principles and patterns underlying biological systems and evolution.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69e11e45fb848190a1b2ae21296e3a5f |
completed | April 16, 2026, 5:37 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69f15609854c81908adb7681cff2c404 |
completed | April 29, 2026, 12:51 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_6a0abcafb5808190a3a43870466b89c2 |
completed | May 18, 2026, 7:15 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_6a0abde18cc08190881f6dfecbcfd229 |
completed | May 18, 2026, 7:21 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_6a0abe349d488190bb7b09d44f5c0b33 |
completed | May 18, 2026, 7:22 a.m. |
Created at: April 16, 2026, 8:41 p.m.