Triple

T21590458
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Clifford M. Will E532764 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Parameterized Post-Newtonian formalism
The Parameterized Post-Newtonian formalism is a theoretical framework in gravitational physics that systematically compares and constrains alternative theories of gravity by expressing their deviations from general relativity in terms of a set of dimensionless parameters.
E1492051 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Parameterized Post-Newtonian formalism | Statement: [Clifford M. Will, knownFor, Parameterized Post-Newtonian formalism]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Parameterized Post-Newtonian formalism
Context triple: [Clifford M. Will, knownFor, Parameterized Post-Newtonian formalism]
  • A. Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations
    The Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations are post-Newtonian equations of motion in general relativity that describe the dynamics of gravitating bodies with relativistic corrections beyond Newtonian gravity.
  • B. Schwarzschild–Milne equations
    The Schwarzschild–Milne equations are fundamental integro-differential equations in radiative transfer theory that describe the propagation and scattering of radiation through a plane-parallel, absorbing and emitting medium.
  • C. Newman–Penrose formalism
    The Newman–Penrose formalism is a mathematical framework in general relativity that uses null tetrads and spin coefficients to simplify the analysis of spacetime geometry and gravitational radiation.
  • D. International Pulsar Timing Array
    The International Pulsar Timing Array is a global collaboration of radio observatories that precisely monitor millisecond pulsars to detect low-frequency gravitational waves and study fundamental physics.
  • E. Plebański formulation of general relativity
    The Plebański formulation of general relativity is a reformulation of Einstein’s theory that expresses gravity as a constrained BF gauge theory using self-dual two-forms, playing a key role in modern approaches to quantum gravity.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Parameterized Post-Newtonian formalism
Triple: [Clifford M. Will, knownFor, Parameterized Post-Newtonian formalism]
Generated description
The Parameterized Post-Newtonian formalism is a theoretical framework in gravitational physics that systematically compares and constrains alternative theories of gravity by expressing their deviations from general relativity in terms of a set of dimensionless parameters.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Parameterized Post-Newtonian formalism
Target entity description: The Parameterized Post-Newtonian formalism is a theoretical framework in gravitational physics that systematically compares and constrains alternative theories of gravity by expressing their deviations from general relativity in terms of a set of dimensionless parameters.
  • A. Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations
    The Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations are post-Newtonian equations of motion in general relativity that describe the dynamics of gravitating bodies with relativistic corrections beyond Newtonian gravity.
  • B. Schwarzschild–Milne equations
    The Schwarzschild–Milne equations are fundamental integro-differential equations in radiative transfer theory that describe the propagation and scattering of radiation through a plane-parallel, absorbing and emitting medium.
  • C. Newman–Penrose formalism
    The Newman–Penrose formalism is a mathematical framework in general relativity that uses null tetrads and spin coefficients to simplify the analysis of spacetime geometry and gravitational radiation.
  • D. International Pulsar Timing Array
    The International Pulsar Timing Array is a global collaboration of radio observatories that precisely monitor millisecond pulsars to detect low-frequency gravitational waves and study fundamental physics.
  • E. Plebański formulation of general relativity
    The Plebański formulation of general relativity is a reformulation of Einstein’s theory that expresses gravity as a constrained BF gauge theory using self-dual two-forms, playing a key role in modern approaches to quantum gravity.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e0c46251648190876f0427cf2d321b completed April 16, 2026, 11:13 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69eefadd0ec88190929c76137bd1603e completed April 27, 2026, 5:57 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a09f681f8a08190965cf2c3b12eb134 completed May 17, 2026, 5:10 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a09f85e21948190a6563d309c349f78 completed May 17, 2026, 5:18 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a09f8d30ff08190b3bc6c45f7b5257b completed May 17, 2026, 5:20 p.m.
Created at: April 16, 2026, 6:32 p.m.