Triple

T21000451
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject John Iliopoulos E517270 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object “Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry”
“Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry” is a seminal physics paper by John Iliopoulos that helped establish the theoretical framework for weak interactions and the symmetry between leptons and hadrons in particle physics.
E1462001 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: “Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry” | Statement: [John Iliopoulos, notableWork, “Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry”]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: “Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry”
Context triple: [John Iliopoulos, notableWork, “Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry”]
  • A. "Invariance Principles and Elementary Particles"
    "Invariance Principles and Elementary Particles" is a foundational physics text by Jun John Sakurai that develops particle physics and quantum theory using symmetry and invariance principles as central organizing concepts.
  • B. Cabibbo theory
    Cabibbo theory is a framework in particle physics that describes the mixing of down and strange quarks in weak interactions through a single mixing angle, laying groundwork later generalized by the CKM matrix.
  • C. On the Interaction of Elementary Particles I
    "On the Interaction of Elementary Particles I" is a seminal theoretical physics paper by Hideki Yukawa that introduced the meson theory of nuclear forces, laying the groundwork for modern particle physics.
  • D. Coleman–Glashow mass formula
    The Coleman–Glashow mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts mass differences among members of hadron multiplets by incorporating electromagnetic and symmetry-breaking effects.
  • E. Kobayashi–Maskawa theory
    The Kobayashi–Maskawa theory is a fundamental framework in particle physics that explains CP violation in the Standard Model through a three-generation quark mixing matrix (the CKM matrix).
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: “Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry”
Triple: [John Iliopoulos, notableWork, “Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry”]
Generated description
“Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry” is a seminal physics paper by John Iliopoulos that helped establish the theoretical framework for weak interactions and the symmetry between leptons and hadrons in particle physics.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: “Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry”
Target entity description: “Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry” is a seminal physics paper by John Iliopoulos that helped establish the theoretical framework for weak interactions and the symmetry between leptons and hadrons in particle physics.
  • A. "Invariance Principles and Elementary Particles"
    "Invariance Principles and Elementary Particles" is a foundational physics text by Jun John Sakurai that develops particle physics and quantum theory using symmetry and invariance principles as central organizing concepts.
  • B. Cabibbo theory
    Cabibbo theory is a framework in particle physics that describes the mixing of down and strange quarks in weak interactions through a single mixing angle, laying groundwork later generalized by the CKM matrix.
  • C. On the Interaction of Elementary Particles I
    "On the Interaction of Elementary Particles I" is a seminal theoretical physics paper by Hideki Yukawa that introduced the meson theory of nuclear forces, laying the groundwork for modern particle physics.
  • D. Coleman–Glashow mass formula
    The Coleman–Glashow mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts mass differences among members of hadron multiplets by incorporating electromagnetic and symmetry-breaking effects.
  • E. Kobayashi–Maskawa theory
    The Kobayashi–Maskawa theory is a fundamental framework in particle physics that explains CP violation in the Standard Model through a three-generation quark mixing matrix (the CKM matrix).
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e0b5006e2881909fc2383f841740cc completed April 16, 2026, 10:08 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e6fc24a6dc8190a6bf81cf1d9590c0 completed April 21, 2026, 4:25 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a093b545f5081909152211b7e03bea1 completed May 17, 2026, 3:51 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a093e5b743881908dea54f627f2a220 completed May 17, 2026, 4:04 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a093ebe37cc8190961b02f8f12ce4b0 completed May 17, 2026, 4:06 a.m.
Created at: April 16, 2026, 1:52 p.m.