Triple

T21000432
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject John Iliopoulos E517270 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism
The Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism is a theoretical framework in particle physics that explains the suppression of flavor-changing neutral currents by introducing the charm quark and the structure of quark mixing.
E1461999 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism | Statement: [John Iliopoulos, knownFor, Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism
Context triple: [John Iliopoulos, knownFor, Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism]
  • A. Kobayashi–Maskawa theory
    The Kobayashi–Maskawa theory is a fundamental framework in particle physics that explains CP violation in the Standard Model through a three-generation quark mixing matrix (the CKM matrix).
  • B. Cabibbo theory
    Cabibbo theory is a framework in particle physics that describes the mixing of down and strange quarks in weak interactions through a single mixing angle, laying groundwork later generalized by the CKM matrix.
  • C. Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)
    The Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) is a landmark theoretical work that extended the quark model to three generations, providing the mechanism for CP violation in the Standard Model and later underpinning the Nobel Prize in Physics for its authors.
  • D. Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix
    The Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix is a fundamental component of the Standard Model of particle physics that describes how quarks change flavor via the weak interaction and accounts for CP violation in the quark sector.
  • E. Georgi–Glashow model
    The Georgi–Glashow model is a grand unified theory in particle physics that unifies the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions within an SU(5) gauge symmetry framework.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism
Triple: [John Iliopoulos, knownFor, Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism]
Generated description
The Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism is a theoretical framework in particle physics that explains the suppression of flavor-changing neutral currents by introducing the charm quark and the structure of quark mixing.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism
Target entity description: The Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism is a theoretical framework in particle physics that explains the suppression of flavor-changing neutral currents by introducing the charm quark and the structure of quark mixing.
  • A. Kobayashi–Maskawa theory
    The Kobayashi–Maskawa theory is a fundamental framework in particle physics that explains CP violation in the Standard Model through a three-generation quark mixing matrix (the CKM matrix).
  • B. Cabibbo theory
    Cabibbo theory is a framework in particle physics that describes the mixing of down and strange quarks in weak interactions through a single mixing angle, laying groundwork later generalized by the CKM matrix.
  • C. Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)
    The Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) is a landmark theoretical work that extended the quark model to three generations, providing the mechanism for CP violation in the Standard Model and later underpinning the Nobel Prize in Physics for its authors.
  • D. Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix
    The Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix is a fundamental component of the Standard Model of particle physics that describes how quarks change flavor via the weak interaction and accounts for CP violation in the quark sector.
  • E. Georgi–Glashow model
    The Georgi–Glashow model is a grand unified theory in particle physics that unifies the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions within an SU(5) gauge symmetry framework.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e0b5006e2881909fc2383f841740cc completed April 16, 2026, 10:08 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e6fc24a6dc8190a6bf81cf1d9590c0 completed April 21, 2026, 4:25 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a093b545f5081909152211b7e03bea1 completed May 17, 2026, 3:51 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a093e5b743881908dea54f627f2a220 completed May 17, 2026, 4:04 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a093ebe37cc8190961b02f8f12ce4b0 completed May 17, 2026, 4:06 a.m.
Created at: April 16, 2026, 1:52 p.m.