Triple
T21000432
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | John Iliopoulos |
E517270
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism
The Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism is a theoretical framework in particle physics that explains the suppression of flavor-changing neutral currents by introducing the charm quark and the structure of quark mixing.
|
E1461999
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism | Statement: [John Iliopoulos, knownFor, Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism Context triple: [John Iliopoulos, knownFor, Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism]
-
A.
Kobayashi–Maskawa theory
The Kobayashi–Maskawa theory is a fundamental framework in particle physics that explains CP violation in the Standard Model through a three-generation quark mixing matrix (the CKM matrix).
-
B.
Cabibbo theory
Cabibbo theory is a framework in particle physics that describes the mixing of down and strange quarks in weak interactions through a single mixing angle, laying groundwork later generalized by the CKM matrix.
-
C.
Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)
The Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) is a landmark theoretical work that extended the quark model to three generations, providing the mechanism for CP violation in the Standard Model and later underpinning the Nobel Prize in Physics for its authors.
-
D.
Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix
The Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix is a fundamental component of the Standard Model of particle physics that describes how quarks change flavor via the weak interaction and accounts for CP violation in the quark sector.
-
E.
Georgi–Glashow model
The Georgi–Glashow model is a grand unified theory in particle physics that unifies the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions within an SU(5) gauge symmetry framework.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism Triple: [John Iliopoulos, knownFor, Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism]
Generated description
The Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism is a theoretical framework in particle physics that explains the suppression of flavor-changing neutral currents by introducing the charm quark and the structure of quark mixing.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism Target entity description: The Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism is a theoretical framework in particle physics that explains the suppression of flavor-changing neutral currents by introducing the charm quark and the structure of quark mixing.
-
A.
Kobayashi–Maskawa theory
The Kobayashi–Maskawa theory is a fundamental framework in particle physics that explains CP violation in the Standard Model through a three-generation quark mixing matrix (the CKM matrix).
-
B.
Cabibbo theory
Cabibbo theory is a framework in particle physics that describes the mixing of down and strange quarks in weak interactions through a single mixing angle, laying groundwork later generalized by the CKM matrix.
-
C.
Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)
The Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) is a landmark theoretical work that extended the quark model to three generations, providing the mechanism for CP violation in the Standard Model and later underpinning the Nobel Prize in Physics for its authors.
-
D.
Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix
The Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix is a fundamental component of the Standard Model of particle physics that describes how quarks change flavor via the weak interaction and accounts for CP violation in the quark sector.
-
E.
Georgi–Glashow model
The Georgi–Glashow model is a grand unified theory in particle physics that unifies the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions within an SU(5) gauge symmetry framework.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69e0b5006e2881909fc2383f841740cc |
completed | April 16, 2026, 10:08 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e6fc24a6dc8190a6bf81cf1d9590c0 |
completed | April 21, 2026, 4:25 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_6a093b545f5081909152211b7e03bea1 |
completed | May 17, 2026, 3:51 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_6a093e5b743881908dea54f627f2a220 |
completed | May 17, 2026, 4:04 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_6a093ebe37cc8190961b02f8f12ce4b0 |
completed | May 17, 2026, 4:06 a.m. |
Created at: April 16, 2026, 1:52 p.m.