Triple

T20690678
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Donaldson–Witten theory E508540 entity
Predicate relatedConcept P37 FINISHED
Object cohomological Yang–Mills theory
Cohomological Yang–Mills theory is a topological quantum field theory obtained by twisting supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory so that its observables are organized by cohomology rather than local field configurations.
E508540 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: cohomological Yang–Mills theory | Statement: [Donaldson–Witten theory, relatedConcept, cohomological Yang–Mills theory]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: cohomological Yang–Mills theory
Context triple: [Donaldson–Witten theory, relatedConcept, cohomological Yang–Mills theory]
  • A. Chern–Weil theory
    Chern–Weil theory is a framework in differential geometry that constructs characteristic classes of vector bundles from curvature forms, linking topology and geometry through invariant polynomials.
  • B. Yang–Mills theory
    Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the behavior of non-abelian gauge fields, forming the mathematical foundation for modern particle physics, including the strong and electroweak interactions.
  • C. Donaldson–Witten theory
    Donaldson–Witten theory is a four-dimensional topological quantum field theory derived from twisting N=2 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, used to compute Donaldson invariants of smooth four-manifolds.
  • D. Seiberg–Witten theory
    Seiberg–Witten theory is a framework in quantum field theory and string theory that uses supersymmetry to exactly analyze strongly coupled gauge theories, leading to profound insights into dualities and four-dimensional topology.
  • E. Seiberg–Witten invariants
    Seiberg–Witten invariants are powerful topological invariants of smooth four-manifolds derived from solutions to the Seiberg–Witten equations, used to distinguish different smooth structures and study the geometry and topology of 4D spaces.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: cohomological Yang–Mills theory
Triple: [Donaldson–Witten theory, relatedConcept, cohomological Yang–Mills theory]
Generated description
Cohomological Yang–Mills theory is a topological quantum field theory obtained by twisting supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory so that its observables are organized by cohomology rather than local field configurations.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: cohomological Yang–Mills theory
Target entity description: Cohomological Yang–Mills theory is a topological quantum field theory obtained by twisting supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory so that its observables are organized by cohomology rather than local field configurations.
  • A. Chern–Weil theory
    Chern–Weil theory is a framework in differential geometry that constructs characteristic classes of vector bundles from curvature forms, linking topology and geometry through invariant polynomials.
  • B. Yang–Mills theory
    Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the behavior of non-abelian gauge fields, forming the mathematical foundation for modern particle physics, including the strong and electroweak interactions.
  • C. Donaldson–Witten theory chosen
    Donaldson–Witten theory is a four-dimensional topological quantum field theory derived from twisting N=2 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, used to compute Donaldson invariants of smooth four-manifolds.
  • D. Seiberg–Witten theory
    Seiberg–Witten theory is a framework in quantum field theory and string theory that uses supersymmetry to exactly analyze strongly coupled gauge theories, leading to profound insights into dualities and four-dimensional topology.
  • E. Seiberg–Witten invariants
    Seiberg–Witten invariants are powerful topological invariants of smooth four-manifolds derived from solutions to the Seiberg–Witten equations, used to distinguish different smooth structures and study the geometry and topology of 4D spaces.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e0b4c1ed408190b72dd26b1e33f8a1 completed April 16, 2026, 10:06 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e6c10d83548190a52b9ef84c8f9205 completed April 21, 2026, 12:13 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a08d7e43a3c81909f63e63e30e9c435 completed May 16, 2026, 8:47 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a08d91216bc8190909e0e37f6d5e612 completed May 16, 2026, 8:52 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a08d99214b48190b0ffba4026d3fa39 completed May 16, 2026, 8:54 p.m.
Created at: April 16, 2026, 12:08 p.m.