Triple

T20665793
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Antlia 2 Dwarf Galaxy E507881 entity
Predicate publication P80 FINISHED
Object Torrealba et al. 2019 MNRAS paper
The Torrealba et al. 2019 MNRAS paper is the study that reported the discovery and characterization of Antlia 2, an extremely diffuse and low-surface-brightness dwarf galaxy satellite of the Milky Way.
E1444573 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Torrealba et al. 2019 MNRAS paper | Statement: [Antlia 2 Dwarf Galaxy, publication, Torrealba et al. 2019 MNRAS paper]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Torrealba et al. 2019 MNRAS paper
Context triple: [Antlia 2 Dwarf Galaxy, publication, Torrealba et al. 2019 MNRAS paper]
  • A. AAS Open Research
    AAS Open Research is an open-access publishing platform of the American Astronomical Society that supports rapid, transparent dissemination and peer review of research in astronomy and astrophysics.
  • B. Faber–Jackson relation paper
    The Faber–Jackson relation paper is a landmark astrophysics publication that established a correlation between the luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion of elliptical galaxies, providing key insights into their structure and evolution.
  • C. Tolman surface brightness test
    The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
  • D. Bahcall–Soneira model of the Milky Way
    The Bahcall–Soneira model of the Milky Way is a pioneering analytic model of our Galaxy’s structure that describes the spatial distribution of stars in its disk and halo, widely used before more detailed modern surveys.
  • E. Revised Shapley–Ames Catalog
    The Revised Shapley–Ames Catalog is an astronomical catalog that lists bright galaxies, providing standardized data and classifications widely used in extragalactic astronomy.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Torrealba et al. 2019 MNRAS paper
Triple: [Antlia 2 Dwarf Galaxy, publication, Torrealba et al. 2019 MNRAS paper]
Generated description
The Torrealba et al. 2019 MNRAS paper is the study that reported the discovery and characterization of Antlia 2, an extremely diffuse and low-surface-brightness dwarf galaxy satellite of the Milky Way.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Torrealba et al. 2019 MNRAS paper
Target entity description: The Torrealba et al. 2019 MNRAS paper is the study that reported the discovery and characterization of Antlia 2, an extremely diffuse and low-surface-brightness dwarf galaxy satellite of the Milky Way.
  • A. AAS Open Research
    AAS Open Research is an open-access publishing platform of the American Astronomical Society that supports rapid, transparent dissemination and peer review of research in astronomy and astrophysics.
  • B. Faber–Jackson relation paper
    The Faber–Jackson relation paper is a landmark astrophysics publication that established a correlation between the luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion of elliptical galaxies, providing key insights into their structure and evolution.
  • C. Tolman surface brightness test
    The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
  • D. Bahcall–Soneira model of the Milky Way
    The Bahcall–Soneira model of the Milky Way is a pioneering analytic model of our Galaxy’s structure that describes the spatial distribution of stars in its disk and halo, widely used before more detailed modern surveys.
  • E. Revised Shapley–Ames Catalog
    The Revised Shapley–Ames Catalog is an astronomical catalog that lists bright galaxies, providing standardized data and classifications widely used in extragalactic astronomy.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e0b4c059bc81908ea762cd73ea4424 completed April 16, 2026, 10:06 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e6b5c2c6d48190bbfe505cf7d973f9 completed April 20, 2026, 11:24 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a08cd5fc3e081909087414333b2615e completed May 16, 2026, 8:02 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a08d175206c8190b119bb1a2d06462f completed May 16, 2026, 8:20 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a08d293523c8190aaa01c6c73c9afd5 completed May 16, 2026, 8:24 p.m.
Created at: April 16, 2026, 11:44 a.m.